摘要
利他行为是自然界和人类社会中广泛存在的现象。但长期以来人们无法解释对行为者本身不利的利他行为如何能避免在自然选择中被淘汰。群体选择理论对此提出了一个解释,即尽管由于利他者相对于利己者处于不利的位置,利他者在每一个群体中的频率都会下降,但利他者在总体中的频率却有可能上升。这种看似不可能的现象被称为辛普森悖论。通过对辛普森悖论的阐述,建立了一个群体选择模型,运用模型的结果对正处于社会转型期的我国片面注重个体利益,忽视集体利益的现状进行了分析。
Ahruistie behavior is a common phenomenon in both nature and human society. However, as to the question of how can altruistie gene, which is detrimental to its host, can avoid the fate of being eliminated in natural seleetion, people have yet to draw a conclusion. The theory of group selection proposed an explanation - even if the frequency of altruists is decreasing in every group of a deme, it can still increase in the whole population. This seemingly impossible phenomenon is ealled Simpson＇s Paradox. By analyzing Simpson＇s Paradox, a model of group selection is built. And the result of the model is used to analyze the eurrent situation of China, in which personal interest is emphasized but collective benefit is largely ignored.
出处
《经济经纬》
CSSCI
北大核心
2008年第5期5-7,共3页
Economic Survey
关键词
辛普森悖论
群体选择
利他行为
Simpson＇s Paradox
group selection
altruistic behavior
