摘要
飞机噪声存在的3个问题:①机舱的噪声振动控制;②机场的噪声干扰;③某些部位的抗声疲劳设计。针对以上问题,综述了北京强度环境研究所进行过的飞行器噪声课题的研究工作,提出了大型飞机噪声问题的工程解决方法,包括:噪声载荷谱的确定;喷气噪声和客机机舱的噪声振动控制;声疲劳设计。研究了超声速喷流的相似准则,用热流缩比模型试验测定火箭的发射噪声载荷达到同样精度;对于飞机来说,实测比风洞测量更方便、更经济,实测气动噪声主要的困难是如何测量到真实的气动噪声,传声器的安装方法、飞行器表面的静压变化等;喷流噪声控制方法是冷空气缩比模型试验,介绍了冷空气缩比模型试验的原理和方法;论述了在结构的疲劳强度试验中必须采用统计分析方法的原理。从多方面论述了大型飞机噪声课题的研究,对于飞机的安全性、经济性、舒适性都是很重要的课题,对于发展中国大型飞机工程有很重要的现实意义。
In this article the following three questions of aircraft are discussed： the first one is the control of vibroacoustic; the second one is the interference of noise in airport;the third one is the design for noise fatigue in a certain components. For these tasks, the research of aircraft noise is introduced in Beijing Institute of Structure and Environment Engineering. Engineering solutions for the large commercial aircraft are presented, including obtaining the payload spectrum of noise; the control of jet noise and large commercial aircraft cabin noise; the design for noise fatigue. Similitude rule of supersound jet is researched, and the payload of rocket takeoff noise achieves the same precision with heat flux scaling model test. It is more convenient and economic the true measure than wind tunnel measure for aircraft; the main difficulty of measuring noise truly is how to measure the fact of pneumatic noise, the way of setting microphone, the change of the static pressure on aircraft surfaces, and so on; the control of jet noise is cold-air-scaling model test; the theory and method of cold airscaling model test is recommended; it＇s discussed that it＇s necessary for the test of fatigue intensity to adopt the theory of statistical analysis. From different aspects, this article discusses the noise task of large commercial aircraft, this is very important problem to research the comfort, economy and safety of aircraft, there is important practical significance for China to develop large commercial aircraft project.
出处
《航空学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第5期1207-1212,共6页
Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica
关键词
噪声
振动
声疲劳
大型商务飞机
载荷谱
noise
vibration
acoustics fatigue
large commercial aircraft
load spectrum
