摘要
景观格局提供了一种直接度量人类活动导致土地覆盖改变的方法。这种方法可以监测人类活动改变土地覆盖的数量和空间格局,而土地覆盖及其格局变化与海岸带侵蚀、滨海湿地非点源污染和物种多样性变化等生态过程密切相关。本文首先综述了滨海湿地生态系统健康监测的理化、生物、水文和物理生境方法,在此基础上探讨了如何利用土地覆盖变化的景观指标来评价滨海湿地生态系统的健康状态,并对比分析了景观指标与其它常用评价指标的优劣,提出景观指标也是滨海湿地生态系统健康评价的重要指标。
The detection of Human impacts on the coastal wetland ecosystems is a challenge task, because of the diverse biological, chemical hydrological and geophysical components that must be assessed. The landscape metrics that describe the amount and arrangement of human-altered land in a wetland watershed can provide a direct way to measure the human impacts, and can be correlated with many ecological process, such as soil erosion, biodiversity variation, water recycle and natural disaster et al. The review on the chemical, biotic, hydrological and physical habitat assessment was briefly done in wetland ecosystem, and then discussion of the land- scape indicators used was made. The assessment on the status of ecosystem by quantifying land cover changes in the coastal wetland, and contrast of the landscape indicators with the traditional approaches were done. The spatial pattern from the riparian habitat scale to watershed scale all may be an especially powerful landscape indicator because the variation in length, width, and gaps of patches on these scale influences their effectiveness as source or sink. The width of riparian buffers is also related to the diversity of riparian bird species. The landscape indicators of incorporating historical land used may also hold promise for predicting and assessing the status of watershed ecosystems. Importantly, the relationship between an aquatic system attribute and a landscape may be nonlinear and thus exhibit the threshold response. This has become especially apparent from the landscape indicators quantifying the percent impervious surface （or urban areas） in watershed, a landscape indicator of hydrologic and geomorphic change. At last, the suggestion on the landscaoe indicators in watershed ecosvstem assessment was given.
出处
《海洋环境科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第A02期137-143,共7页
Marine Environmental Science
基金
国家908专项基金(908-01-WY01)
国家海洋局海洋生态环境卫星遥感业务化基金
关键词
景观指标
滨海生态系统
健康
评价
landscape indicators
coastal wetland ecosystem
health
assessment
