摘要
[目的]通过制定和实施一系列健康促进措施,对铅作业工人开展健康促进工作,并评价其效果。[方法]以某蓄电池企业145名铅作业工人为干预组,以同类型企业铅作业工人118人为对照组。制定和实施干预措施,比较干预措施实施前、后工人作业环境铅烟(尘)浓度及工人接铅后生物监测指标的变化,还对两组工人职业性慢性铅中毒发病率进行比较。[结果]通过干预措施的制定和实施,干预组工人改变了许多不良的工作和生活习惯。健康促进前、后作业场所铅尘浓度中位数分别为0.037mg/m^3、0.025mg/m^3,差异有统计学意义(P=0.016);健康促进前、后接铅工人尿铅中位数分别为0.053mg/L和0.024mg/L,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。该企业职业性慢性铅中毒发病率(11%),与同类企业(38%)相比差异有统计学意义(X^2=26.82,P<0.0001)。[结论]开展职业健康促进能明显降低作业场所铅尘浓度以及工人尿铅水平,也是降低铅作业工人慢性铅中毒发病率的有效方法,对促进企业职业病防治工作大有帮助。
[ Objective ] To promote the health of lead exposed workers by setting down and implementing a series of measures for health promotion and to evaluate the effects of these measures. [ Methods ] 145 lead exposed workers in a battery factory were chosen as subjects. The levels of lead in the air in work place and lead concentration in workers＇ urine were examined before and after intervention measures. [ Results ] Many workers improved their habits of work and life by setting down and implementing a series of measures of health promotion. The air lead concentration（ median=0.037 mg/m^3 ） in workplaces before health promotion was shown to be higher, but decreased significantly（ median=0.025 mg/m^3 ） one year later, as a result of the health promotion measures. Before and after health education, the Urine Pb median were 0.053 mg/L and 0.023 mg/L （ P 〈 0.001 ）. The prevalence of occupational lead poisoning（ 11% ）was also lower than that in other congener enterprises （ 38% ）（X^2=26.82, P 〈 0.0001 ）. [ Conclusion ] To develop occupational health promotion, enhance health education and improve health behavior are the effective way to decrease the levels of lead in the air of workplace and UPB of workers, and to prevent from occupational lead poisoning and are good for industries in prevention occupational diseases.
出处
《环境与职业医学》
CAS
北大核心
2008年第4期386-389,共4页
Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine
基金
武汉市卫生局2003年度预防保健类医学卫生科技计划项目(编号：2003-214)
关键词
铅
卫生行为
健康促进
效果评价
lead
health behavior
health promotion
evaluation of the effect
