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老年人肺栓塞的临床特点及溶栓治疗 被引量:5

Clinical characteristics of pulmonary embolism and thrombolytic therapy in elderly patients
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摘要 目的探讨老年人肺栓塞的临床特点及溶栓、抗凝治疗的疗效。方法回顾性分析72例60岁以上肺血栓栓塞患者的临床表现、诊断方法及溶栓、抗凝治疗和转归。结果本组72例老年急性肺栓塞患者均患2种和(或)2种以上慢性疾病,其中高血压41例(56.9%),下肢深静脉血栓30例(53.6%),冠心病26例(36.1%),肿瘤9例(12.5%),手术和骨折15例(20.8%)。72例患者中出现呼吸困难66例(91.7%),咳嗽22例(30.6%),胸痛20例(27.8o.4),紫绀13例(18.1%),晕厥10例(13.9%),咯血9例(12.5%),下肢水肿32例(44.4%),肺部湿哕音23例(31.9%),P2亢进13例(18.1%),血管杂音4例(5.6%)。血氧分析61例中53例(86.9%)有不同程度的低氧血症,其中37例(60.7%)伴低碳酸血症。31例患者检测肺泡动脉氧压差,其中有27例增高(87.1%)。56例血管超声检查,发现有不同程度的下肢深静脉血栓者30例(53.6%)。61例患者常规取血行D-二聚体检查,50例呈阳性,阳性率82.0%。62例患者行螺旋CT肺动脉造影(CTPA)检查,其中58例有肺段以上肺动脉不同部位血栓,阳性率为93.5%。CT影像中肺动脉纤细及肺纹理稀疏6例,梗死灶8例,片状影10例,马赛克征及肺动脉增粗2例。16例患者行核素肺通气/灌注(V/Q)显像检查,均显示高度可能肺栓塞,阳性率为100%。进一步行CTPA检查,该16例均发现肺段以上肺动脉血栓形成,阳性率100%。72例均行溶栓抗凝治疗,治愈16例(22.2%),显效22例(30.6%),有效25例(34.7%),无效或恶化9例(12.5%),其中5例(6.9%)死亡。溶栓和抗凝治疗效果明显优于单纯抗凝治疗(有效率:86.2%对30.2%,P〈0.01),治疗中未出现出血现象。结论老年肺栓塞最常见危险因素为高血压和下� Objective To explore the clinical characteristics and the effects of thrombolytic and anti-coagulation therapy on pulmonary embolism(PE) in over 60-year-old patients. Methods The clinical findings, diagnostic techniques, effects of thrombolytic and anti-coagulation therapy in 72 patients with PE aged over 60-year were analyzed retrospectively. Results Each one of 72 patients in this study suffered from two or more chronic diseases. Hypertension (56.9%) and deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in lower limbs (53. 6%) were the most common thrombosis risk factors in the study. The clinical findings were atypical in elderly patients with PE. Different degree of dyspnea was the main characteristics (91.7 % ). Other findings were cough(30.6% ), chest pain(27.8 % ), cyanosis (18.1% ), faint(13. 9 % ) and emptysis(12.5 % ). The objective signs showed edema of lower extremity (44. 4%), moist rales (31.9%) , P2 accentuation (18.1%), vascular murmur (5.6%) . Blood gas analysis in 61 cases showed that 53 patients suffered from hypoxemia(86.9%) along with 37 cases of hypocapnia (60.7 %). The alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient was increased in 27/31 cases (87.1%) and blood D-dipolymer was positive in 50/61 cases (82.0 %). Spiral CT pulmonary angiogram (CTPA) in 62 cases and radioactive nuclear ventilation perfusion scan in 16 cases demonstrated PE in 58 (93:5 %) and 16 (100%) patients respectively. The cure rate of thrombolytic therapy combined with anti -coagulation versus anti -coagulation therapy alone was 86.2%versus 30. 2% (P=0. 000). There was no haemorrhagia phenomenon during thrombolytic and anti-coagulation therapy. Conclusions The most common risk factors of PE in the elderly are hypertension and DVT in lower limbs. The clinical symptoms are atypical and variable. Dyspnea is the main characteristics. Thrombolytic with anti-coagulation therapy is safe and effective, but anti-coagulation therapy alone has no benefit.
出处 《中华老年医学杂志》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2008年第7期510-513,共4页 Chinese Journal of Geriatrics
关键词 肺栓塞 抗凝药 药物疗法 Pulmonary embolism Anticoagulants Drug therapy
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参考文献11

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