摘要
多年冻土区输油管道面临着差异性融沉和冻胀的关键性难题.受力不均匀对管道造成机械性破坏,管道破裂、泄漏现象不断发生.泄漏油污在冻土中的存在及其扩散对当地的生态环境产生长期不利的影响,而且对土壤自身的物理、化学和生物特性造成影响.土壤中石油烃的迁移和分布受土壤和地形、温度、含水(冰)量、降水以及冻结融化过程等多种环境因素影响.近年来,各种物理、化学和生物方法被用来清除冻土区石油烃污染.正在勘察和设计中的中俄原油管道穿越连续、不连续、岛状和零星分布多年冻土,及季节冻土区.为了有效保护兴安岭地区的寒区生态环境,中俄原油管道有必要预先做好应对管道泄露的前瞻性研究.
In frozen ground regions, one of the key issues in the long-term engineering stability of oil pipelines are frost heaving and subsequent thaw settlement in frozen ground foundations. Resultant differential frost heaving and/or thaw settlement and other unpredictable causes might lead to pipeline rupture, erosion and consequent oil spilling. Crude hydrocarbons can result in massive ecologi cal impact and affect physical and chemical properties of the ambient soils. The migration and dis persion of spilling petroleum hydrocarbons in freezing and frozen regions, thawing and thawed soils depends on many environmental factors, including local topography, soil properties, water （ice） content, temperature, precipitation and freeze-thaw processes. During the past several decades, physical, chemical and biological remediation methods were developed for cleaning up petroleum pollutants in frozen ground regions. Russia-China crude oil pipeline, which traverses the continuous, discontinuous, and sporadic permafrost zones, and areas affected by seasonal frost, have to be prepared for the cleanup of oil spills in order to timely and effectively protect Hinggan Mountains regions environments in Northeast China.
出处
《冰川冻土》
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第3期501-507,共7页
Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology
基金
中国科学院"百人计划"项目(2004407)
冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室开放基金项目(SKLCS07-04)资助
关键词
寒区
输油管道
原油污染
迁移
清除
frozen ground
oil pipelines
crude oil contamination
migration
cleanup
