摘要
日本沼虾自然分布于中国、日本、越南以及俄罗斯远东地区等,广泛分布于我国各地淡水水域,是我国最重要的淡水经济虾类。二十世纪50年代以前对其利用主要是采捕野生资源,50年代后期逐渐开始了人工养殖,直到八、九十年代随着海水对虾类流行疾病的爆发和养殖产量的骤减,日本沼虾凭借其较强的适应性、抗逆性等优势,其养殖业得以迅速发展起来。近十年来,由于自然栖息环境的破坏和野生资源过度采捕,以及缺乏有效的良种选育技术,使得日本沼虾出现种质退化现象。简要概述了日本沼虾种质挖掘的历史和现状,并从形态学、生产性能、细胞遗传学以及分子遗传学等方面分析了种质资源研究进展,最后提出了种质资源保护策略,以期为日本沼虾种质资源的深入研究、保护以及科学选育提供基础资料。
Oriental freshwater prawn Macrobrachium nipponense is natively distributed in China, Japan, Vietnam and the Far East Region of Russia, etc. In China, it is widely found in the mostly freshwaters, and at the same time it is also the most important commercial species which is popular with the peoples for its nutrition and delicious tastes. In the past and especially before 1950, people directly caught the natural individuals of M. nipponense for use. And since the late 1950s the species has been be artificially cultured gradually. During 1980s -1990s, the culture of the species started developing rapidly for its advantage of widely adaptability and excellent resistance to the environmental stress, as the yields of seawater shrimps declining sharply as a result of the outbreak and spread of its epidemic diseases. But in recent ten years, the natural resources and the germplasm of M. nipponense began to decline because of the heavy fishing of the nature resources, degeneration of living environment and shortage of efficient genetic breeding. In order tomaintain the sustainable utilization of the species, we reviewed the research progress on germplasm exploitation and protection of the species in this paper, mainly from their morphology, yielding capabilities, genetics and breeding. And we also put forward the protective strategies of the germplasm resources. All of these were in order to offer the basic information for the deep research and protection of germplasm resources, and even for the scientific breeding of the species.
出处
《上海水产大学学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第3期371-376,共6页
Journal of Shanghai Fisheries University
基金
上海市科委基础重大项目(06DJ14003)
上海市水产办项目(2005-06)
上海市重点学科建设项目(Y1101)
关键词
日本沼虾
种质资源
挖掘
保护
Macrobrachium nipponense
germplasm resources
exploitation
protection
