摘要
需手术的糖尿病患者在围术期会出现明显应激,要特别重视血糖。所有需行急症手术或全麻择期手术的患者,都要在围术期应用胰岛素,但不完全禁用口服药。主要给药途径有静脉注射和皮下注射。胰岛素有不同种类,一些是胰岛素类似物。接受全麻择期手术者需皮下注射短效和中效胰岛素;所有需急症手术者或发生糖尿病酮症者需静脉注射短效或超短效胰岛素。长效胰岛素可以拮抗围术期的应激。静脉注射葡萄糖需要加入适量胰岛素。
Diabetic patients who require surgery present special challenges in perioperative period.Special attention must be paid on their serum glucose.All patients require emergency surgery or selective operation with general anaesthesia need some insulin treatment.But oral antidiabetic drug is not forbidden entirely.Capital routes of administration are intravenous injection（IV）and hypodermic injection（IH）.We have several forms of insulin.Some of them are insulin analogs.Short-and intermediate-acting insulin IH can be used on patients who need selective operation with general anaesthesia.All who require emergency surgery or have diabetic ketoacidosis need short-acting insulin or rapid-acting insulin analog IV.Long-acting insulin can counteract the special challenges in perioperative period.Glucose IV should be with appropriate insulin.
出处
《医学综述》
2008年第11期1698-1700,共3页
Medical Recapitulate
关键词
糖尿病
围手术期
胰岛素
血糖
Diabetes mellitus
Perioperative period
Insulin
Serum glucose
