摘要
红嘴鸥大规模进入昆明城区觅食形成人鸟互动的重要生态现象,其在城区的停留时间成为公众关注的焦点。基于常年统计和定点连续观察,本文探讨了红嘴鸥在昆明城区的停留时间及其影响因素。结果表明:①1987～2006年,红嘴鸥到达和离开滇池的日期分别是10月3日～11月3日和翌年的3月18日～4月18日;停留177±9d,在滇池停留32±11d后才进入城区,而不进城34±21d后才离开滇池;②2007年2月12日～3月4日,红嘴鸥每日7∶25～9∶50进城觅食,10∶30～16∶30返回滇池夜宿,在城区停留4.7±1.5h/d(2.5～8.5h/d);③人工投喂食物是吸引红嘴鸥进城并长时间停留的决定性因素;而突发声响,特别是水面划船等人为干扰,促使红嘴鸥过早返回滇池。作者认为,为了促使红嘴鸥进入城区并长时间停留,需要限制游船等人为干扰和深入了解滇池地区越冬红嘴鸥的分布地及其动态特点。
It is an important ecological phenomenon that more than ten thousand wintering black-headed gull （Larus ridibundus） daily poured into the Kunming city zone for feeding and returned to the lake for nights, in the region of Lake Dianchi, Southwest China, which became a key public focus for the close relationship between human and the gulls. Based on the annual records during 1987～2006 and the daily observation from 12 February to 4 March in 2007, it was discussed the duration and its influencing factors of the gull in Kunming city zone in this paper. The results indicated that： ① during 1987～2006, the arrival date of the gull in Lake Dianchi were 3 October～3 November and the departure date were 18 March～18 April next year respectively. The gulls localized in this region for 177±9 days annually and they stayed in Lake Dianchi for 32±11 days before entering the city zone to feed and did not enter the city zone for 34±21 days before migrating toward to the breeding region; ② during 12 February～4 March, 2007, the gulls entered into the city zone from 7：25 to 9：50 in the morning and left for Lake Dianchi from 10：30 to16：30, staying in the city zone for 4.7±1.5 hours （2.5-8.5） per day; ③ food provided by tourists and citizens attracted the gulls to enter the city zone. However, rowing boats on the water, sudden voices or threaten poses drove them back to the Lake Dianchi, varying the daily duration of the gull in the city zone. The suggestions are discussed to make the gull enter and stay more hours in the city zone.
出处
《四川动物》
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第3期351-355,共5页
Sichuan Journal of Zoology
关键词
红嘴鸥
停留时间
城市野鸟
滇池地区
Larus ridibundus
duration
urban wild bird
Lake Dianchi
