摘要
提出最小质量标准(MQS)可以作为贸易技术壁垒(TBT)来考虑,因为贸易技术壁垒的实质就是设定一个高于进口产品质量的标准,以阻碍进入.在此前提下,本文考虑了在一个开放的经济体中,企业的利润及社会福利随 MQS 的变化情况,并提出了相应的对策.结果表明,当进口国政府设定较低的 MQS 时,生产低质量产品的进入企业利润增加,生产高质量产品的在位企业利润减少,但进口国消费者剩余提高,且消费者剩余的增加幅度要大于本国企业利润的减少,因此社会福利增加.当进口国政府设定较高的 MQS 时,出口国政府有动机为本国企业提供补贴,但不管出口国政府是否对本国企业提供补贴,进口国政府都有动机对进口产品设定 MQS 以便增加本国福利.
The paper shows that minimum quality standards （MQS） can be treated as technical barriers to trade （TBT） because TBT is to set a standard higher than the quality of imports essentially in order to block entry. In this premise, the paper considered the change of finns＇ profits and social welfare with MQS in an open economy, and corresponding measures are given. The results are as follows： When the input government set low MQS, the profits of entry finn produced low quality products increases and incumbent firm produced high quality products decreases, yet consumer surplus increases. At the same time, the increase of consumer surplus is greater than the decrease of domestic finn＇ s profits, so social welfare increases. When the input government set high MQS, the output government has incentive to provide subsidy, but no matter whether the output government provide subsidy for home finn, the input government always have incentive to set MQS for imports in order to increase home welfare.
出处
《系统工程学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第2期194-200,共7页
Journal of Systems Engineering
关键词
贸易技术壁垒
最小质量标准
产品质量
贸易自由化
technical barriers to trade
minimum quality standards
product quality
trade liberalization
