摘要
外来种入侵引起的生态及经济问题日益严重,人类活动导致大规模栖息地持续变化的背景下,外来种的入侵过程及本地物种多样性的演化更为复杂。在Tilman多物种共存模型基础上,建立了栖息地持续变化条件下的外来种入侵干扰模式,分别模拟了栖息地不变、持续毁坏及持续恢复条件下的外来种入侵及对本地物种多样性的生态影响。模拟结果表明:(1)拓殖率小(入侵性弱)的外来种不能成功定殖,栖息地的持续变化对其没有任何影响。(2)拓殖率增大的外来种入侵过程复杂,栖息地持续毁坏导致其灭绝时间相比于栖息地不变时明显推迟,栖息地持续恢复使其灭绝提前;一定时间内持续增加栖息地可以减小此类外来种入侵危害。(3)拓殖率足够大的外来种能够成功定殖,快速定殖-扩散的入侵过程不会因栖息地毁坏而迅速改变,其响应具有时间滞后性;栖息地持续恢复也有利于其迅速蔓延,占有率呈线性疯狂增长。(4)在具有外来种入侵的本地生态系统中,栖息地持续改变(增加或减少)对本地物种多样性的发展均不利。
The global alien invasive species have induced increasingly severe economic and ecological problems. And the human-caused sustained habitat destruction and restoration bring on the even more complicated alien invasion process and species diversity persistence. Both invasive species and sustained habitat change are introduced into Tihnan＇s nmltispecies coexistence model and a disturbance model of biological invasion under sustained habitat change is also proposed in this paper. Then, the alien invasion and its impact on native species under three circmnstances, i. e. , no habitat changes, sustained habitat degradation and sustained habitat restoration, are respectively simulated numerically. The results show that： （1） Alien species with weak colonization could not adapt itself to new habitat and is excluded from indigenous community, and sustained habitat changes have no impact on the invasive dynamics. （2） The dynamics of alien species with greater colonization is rather perplexing, as sustained habitat degradation make it survive longer than that with no habitat change, while sustained habitat restoration make it much shorter. Consequently, alien species of this kind could be cleared up through sustained habitat restoration during certain period of time. （3） When the colonization is strong enough, alien species would succeed in colonizing new habitat and develops new population just within several years. Its rapid invasive and dispersal colonization process will not be changed by habitat destruction, as its response to habitat degradation has a time delay. Habitat restoration is also helpful to alien species, whose occupancy displays linear increase. （4） In the native ecosystem with alien invasion, sustained change of habitat state is considerably disadvantages to the native species diversity persistence.
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第4期1366-1375,共10页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(40371108)
国家十五“211”工程重大项目资助~~
关键词
栖息地持续毁坏
持续恢复
外来种入侵
本地种
模拟
sustained habitat destruction
sustained restoration
alien invasion
native species
dynamical simulation
