摘要
研究背景饮食治疗和生活方式的改善始终是临床预防和干预的基础。目的通过对北京地区原发性高血压患者饮食结构的调查研究,探讨不同膳食结构对原发性高血压患者心血管病危险因素的影响。方法应用膳食调查问卷形式连续收集了424例北京地区原发性高血压患者的饮食结构,测量患者的身高、体质量、腰围,并清晨空腹取静脉血检测各项生化指标。根据调查结果采用病例对照研究的方法对患者进行分组:素食为主组(素食组,n=95)、肉食为主组(肉食组,n=133)和荤素平衡组(平衡组,n=196),分别比较组间临床和生化指标。以膳食结构和传统心血管危险因素为自变量做 logistic 回归分析。结果 1)肉食组患者发生肥胖的比例(46.6%)明显高于素食组(21.7%)和平衡组(30.0%),P 均<0.01;肉食组超重加肥胖患者所占的总比例(90.5%)也显著高于素食组(61.4%)和平衡组(72.9%),P 均<0.01。2)与素食组比较,肉食组和平衡组患者的体质量指数(BMI)、腰围、血清肌酐和尿酸水平均呈显著增高(P<0.01和 P<0.05);而平衡组患者的 BMI、腰围、血清肌酐和尿酸水平均显著低于肉食组(P<0.01)。3)与素食组和平衡组比较,肉食组患者的肱动脉脉压、血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶和三酰甘油水平均显著增高(P<0.01),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平显著降低(P<0.01);而这些指标在素食组和平衡组之间未见显著差异。4)肉食组患者代谢综合征(MS)的患病率(74.3%)明显高于素食组(53.7%,P<0.01)和平衡组(62.4%,P<0.05),而素食组和平衡组患者之间 MS 的患病率未呈现显著差异。5)Logistic 回归分析显示,膳食结构是原发性高血压患者 HDL-C(OR=2.118,P=0.008)和腰围(OR=5.376,P=0.017)的独立相关因素。结论 1)不同膳食结构与北京地区原发性高血压患者超重和肥胖的患病率显著相关;2)富于蔬菜、水果和碳水化合物的膳食可能改善原发性高血压患者 HDL-C �
Background Although great advances have been made in prevention and treatment of CVD through drug therapies and other procedures, diet and lifestyle modification remain the foundamental aspects in clinical intervention for prevention and treatment of hypertension. Objective The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of variour dietary patterns on traditional cardiovascular risk factors in essential hypertensives in Beijing area. Food frequency questionnaire （FFQ） survey was carried out in a cohort of 424 patients of hypertension. Methods All participants completed an FFQ. Baseline clinical data （height, weight, waist circumference and biochemical data） were collected by physical examination and biochemical assay. According to their dietary patterns, three dietary pattern were delineated： vegetarian diet（n=95）, meat dominant diet（n=133） and balanced diet（n=196）. Clinical and biochemical data were compared between them, and analyzed by multivariate logistic regression models. Results 1）The morbidity of obesity in meat dominant people was significant higher than vegetarians （46.6 % vs 21.7 %, P〈 0.01） and balanced diet （46. 6% vs 30. 0%, P〈0. 01）. The rate of overweight plus obesity was also markedly higher in meat dominant than vegetarians （90. 5% vs 61.4%, P〈0. 01） and balanced diets （90. 5% vs 72.9%, P〈 0. 01）. 2）Comparing with vegetarians, body mass index （BMI）, waist circumference, and the level of serum creatinine and uric acid （UA） were significantly higher of carnivores and balanced diets （P〈0.01 and P〈0. 05）. Subjects using balanced diets had a markedly lower value of BMI, waist circumference, serum creatinine and UA than that in meat dominant（P〈0. 01）. 3）Comparing with vegetarians and balanced diets, subjects of meat dominant had significantly higher level of brachial artery pulse pressure, serum alanine aminotransferase （ALT） and triglyceride （TO） （P〈0.01） ; their high-density lipoprotein cholesterol �
出处
《中华高血压杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第3期225-229,共5页
Chinese Journal of Hypertension
关键词
膳食模式
原发性高血压
危险因素
心血管疾病
Dietary patterns
Essential hypertension
Risk factors
Cardiovascular disease
