摘要
为了使道路行车速度对行车安全及节约能源等方面的综合影响达到最优,分别探讨了最高车速限制与最低车速限制的问题。首先,采用数学建模与回归分析的方法分别构建时间费用函数与油耗费用函数,以时间费用与油耗费用之和最小为目标函数,以事故死亡率及舒适度为约束条件,提出了最高车速限制方法。在分析了道路行车速度影响因素的基础上,采用回归分析方法,分车型建立道路线形指标、交通流参数与运行车速的关系模型,给出了在不同平曲线半径、纵坡及坡长、交通量、交通组成及路面状况条件下的最高车速限制基准值的修正系数。其次,提出车速离散度的概念与计算方法以及不同坡度下的经济车速,然后采用回归分析方法建立了车速离散度与事故率关系模型,提出基于车速离散度约束与经济车速的最低车速限制方法。最后,对实施车速限制的保障技术进行了探讨。
This paper discusses highway speed limits which influence safety and energy efficiency. First, under the objective function of minimizing both costs of time and fuel consumption, and constrained by accident fatality rates and passenger comfort, the paper presents the method to determine the max-speed limits with the time-cost and fuel consumption-cost models. In addition, relations of highway geometrics and traffic flow parameters vs. running speeds by vehicle types were established through regression analyses. As a resuit, threshold factors of max-speed limits were obtained in consideration of horizontal radii, grades and their lengths, traffic volumes and composition, as well as pavement conditions. Then, the paper refocuses on speed deviation degree and its calculation, and the economic speeds for varying grades. With relations between speed deviation degree and fatality rates, the method to determine min-speed limits was provided as well. Finally, the paper discusses safety techniques in implementation of highway speed limits.
出处
《城市交通》
2008年第2期23-28,共6页
Urban Transport of China
关键词
交通管理
交通安全
车速限制
多目标优化
基准值
车速离散度
traffic management
traffic safety
speed limit
multi-objective optimization
threshold
speed deviation degree
