摘要
以马粪海胆Hemicentrotus pulcherdmus为试验材料，采用紫外线照射使精子遗传失活，用热休克抑制第1次卵裂，并对对照组、照射组及二倍化组的早期胚胎进行乙酸-地衣红压片观察，还对马粪海胆雌核发育早期的胚胎发育、细胞学及精子的超微结构进行了研究。结果表明：照射组和二倍化组的受精率、上浮率、细胞分裂同步性和二倍体率较对照组降低，畸形率升高，且胚胎发育滞后60-90min；扫描电镜观察结果说明，精子顶体结构受到不同程度的破坏是导致受精率降低的主要原因。二倍化组上浮率（8．0％）和二倍体率（21．4％）较照射组的上浮率（4．9％）和二倍体率明显升高。细胞学观察发现，用紫外线照射后的精子没有像雌性原核那样形成雄性原核，而是浓缩为一染色质小体——DCB小体，不能与雌性原核融合，也不能进行正常的核分裂。经紫外线照射后，受精卵的细胞分裂方式也发生改变，出现三极或者四极分离，同时出现不均等卵裂。经热休克处理后，压片观察发现，在受精卵细胞中出现圆形的泡状区域。
Gynogenesis in sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus was induced by UV - radiation of sperm and heatshocks of eggs to inhibit the first cleavage. The early embryonic development and the cyto - morphology of the gynogenesis individuals were observed by a microscope with the planishing technique of heteroauxin - orcein. The resuhs showed that the sperm irradiated by UV were different from the control group when they were fertilized with the ovum. The fertilization rate, hatching rate, floating rate and diploid rate of UV - irradiation group and diploid group were lower than those in the control. The sea urchin in the diploid group had higher hatching rate, floating rate and diploid rate than in the UV - radiation group. The UV radiatied sperm condensed into chromatin DCB （ Density Chromatin Body）after fertilized and this state sustained to 2 -4 celled phase while in normal group the sperm nuclei and egg nuclei fused together and had the clear chromosome. At the end of cleavage, DCB was observed either in the region of the first cleavage furrow or in the cytoplasm of one of the two blastomeres. The mode of cleavage changed after fertilized with the UV - irradiatied sperm. The phenomena of polyspindles were observed in the cleavage of the fertilized eggs. A circular spumous area was found in the fertilized eggs after the first cleavage was inhibited by heatshock.
出处
《大连水产学院学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第1期1-7,共7页
Journal of Dalian Fisheries University
基金
国家"863"项目资助(2006AA10A411)
辽宁省优秀人才基金项目资助(2005203001)
关键词
马粪海胆
雌核发育
胚胎发育
细胞学观察
Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus
gynogenesis
embryonic development
cytological observation
