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围手术期使用β-受体阻滞剂预防与手术相关的死亡率和并发症发生率:一项系统性综述和荟萃分析

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摘要 背景围手术期使用β-受体阻滞剂可能减少手术后心血管死亡率、心肌缺血/梗死以及室上性心律失常的发生率。我们就围手术期使用β-受体阻滞剂对改善心脏手术及非心脏手术患者手术后转归的证据进行了回顾。方法我们检索了11个大型数据库,时间从建库到2005年11月。并查阅了多种网上资源,以便发现未发表的研究和会议摘要。我们选取了对围手术期使用β-受体阻滞剂和安慰剂或标准疗法进行比较的随机对照试验。在3680篇收集到的文献中,有69篇符合入选标准。由于并无明显的临床异质性,因此在假定存在随机效应的情况下计算了比值比(oddsratio,OR)。结果β-受体阻滞剂减少了室性快速型心律失常[OR(心脏手术):0.28,95%CI为0.13—0.57;OR(非心脏手术):0.56,95%CI为0.21—1.45],心房颤动^心房扑动[OR(心脏手术):0.37,95%CI为0.28—0.48],其他室上性心律失常[OR(心脏手术):0.25,95%CI为0.18—0.35;OR(非心脏手术):0.43,95%CI为0.14—1.37]以及心肌缺血[OR(心脏手术):0.49,95%CI为0.17—1.4;OR(非心脏手术):0.38,95%CI为0.21—0.69]的发生率。住院时间并未减少[加权均数差(心脏手术):-0.35天,95%CI为-0.77—0.07;加权均数差(非心脏手术):-5.59天,95%CI为-12.22—1.04],与之前的报道相反,β-受体阻滞剂不能减少死亡率[OR(心脏手术):0.55,95%CI为0.17-1.83;OR(非心脏手术):0.78,95%CI为0.33—1.87],对围手术期心肌梗死的发生也没有影响[OR(心脏手术):0.89,95%CI为0.53~1.5;OR(非心脏手术):0.59,95%CI为0.25—1.39]。结论β-受体阻滞剂可降低围手术期心律失常和心肌缺血的发生,但是对心肌梗死、死亡率及住院时间没有影响。 BACKGROUND: Perioperative B-blockers are suggested to reduce cardiovascular mortality, myocardialischemia/infarction, and supraventricular arrhythmias after surgery. We reviewed the evidence regarding the effectiveness of perioperative β-blockers for improving patient outcomes after cardiac and noncardiac surgery. METHODS: Eleven large databases were searched from the time of their inception until October 2005. Various online-resources were consulted for the idenfificafionof unpublished trials and conference abstracts. We included randomized, controlled trials comparing perioperafive B-blockers with either placebo or the standard-of-care. Of the 3680 retrieved rifles, 69 met inclusion criteria for analysis. Odds ratios (OR) assuming random effects were computed in the absence of significant clinical heterogeneity. RESULTS: B-Blockers reduced the frequency of ventricular tachyarrhythmias [ OR (cardiac surgery): 0.28, 95% CI 0. 13 - 0. 57; OR (noncardiac surgery): 0.56, 95% CI 0.21 - 1.45 ], atrial fibrillation/flutter [ OR (cardiac surgery): 0.37, 95% CI 0.28 - 0. 48], other supraventricular arrhythmias [ OR (cardiac surgery): 0.25, 95% CI 0. 18 -0. 35; OR (noncardiac surgery): 0. 43,95% CI 0. 14 - 1.37], and myocardial ischemia [ OR (cardiac surgery): 0.49, 95% CI 0. 17 - 1.4; OR (noncardiac sur- gery): 0. 38, 95% CI 0. 21 -0. 691. Length of hospitalization was not reduced [weighted mean difference (cardiac surgery): - 0. 35 days, 95% CI - 0. 77 - 0. 07; weighted mean difference (noncardiac surgery): - 5.59 days, 95% CI - 12.22 - 1. 04 ] and, in contrast to previous reports, β-blockers did not reduce mortality [ OR (cardiac surgery): 0.55, 95% CI 0. 17 - 1.83; OR (noncardiac surgery): 0.78, 95% CI 0.33 - 1.87 ], and they had no influence on the occurrence of perioperative myocardial infarction [ OR (cardiac surgery): 0. 89, 95% CI 0. 53 - 1.5; OR (noncardiac surgery): 0. 59, 0.25 - 1.39 ]. CONCLUSIONS: β-Blockers reduced
出处 《麻醉与镇痛》 2008年第1期18-33,共16页 Anesthesia & Analgesia
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