摘要
目的探讨昭通市麻疹流行特征及发病原因。方法采用描述流行病学分析方法,对1986-2006年昭通市麻疹资料进行分析。结果1986-2006年昭通市麻疹病人27575例,年平均发病率为28.26/10万,发病率波动在5.40/10万～72.20/10万之间。有明显的季节性,高峰在3～6月。以低年龄组儿童发病为主,0～14岁占总病例数94.56%,7岁以下占发病总数68.44%。局部低接种率及免疫空白是麻疹暴发的主要原因。结论控制或消除麻疹的主要策略是提高常规麻疹减毒活疫苗免疫接种率,加强对麻疹流行病学和血清学监测,根据监测结果适时开展麻疹强化免疫,控制麻疹暴发。
Objective The study was conducted to analyze the epidemiological characteristics and causes of measles in Zhaotong for providing a scientific basis for the prevention and control of the epidemic. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was made on the data of measles reported in Zhaotong from 1986 to 2006. Results A total of 27 575 cases of measles were reported during the period and the incidence of the disease ranged from 5.40/lakh to 72.20/lakh with an average annual incidence of 28.26/lakh. There was an obvious seasonal change in the incidence with the peak occurring from March to June. Children aged 0 to 14 years accounted for 94.56 % of the total cases and those under 7 years old for 68.44% of all the cases. It was revealed that low vaccination rate and blank immunization were the major factors contributing to measles outbreaks in the city of Zhaotong. Conclusion The main strategies for the control or eradication of measles are to improve the routine immunization rates of live attenuated measles vaccine, strengthen epidemiological and serological surveillance on measles and offer supplementary measles immunization in a timely manner in accordance with the surveillance results.
出处
《疾病监测》
CAS
2008年第1期21-23,共3页
Disease Surveillance
关键词
麻疹
流行病学特征
控制策略
measles
epidemiological characteristics
control strategies
