摘要
由于东北地区最近150a来的显著气候变暖和清朝开禁政策以来强烈的人为活动影响，东北地区冻土和寒区环境已经产生了显著变化．由于社会经济活动日益增多和许多重大工程建设需要，及其寒区水文、生态环境的显著、急速恶化，继20世纪50—60年代大规模经济开发时的冻土研究高潮之后，东北地区冻土和寒区环境问题再次成为国人关注的重要问题．为研究中国-俄罗斯原油管道工程（漠河-大庆段）的气候变化与冻土退化对管道工程地基基础长期稳定性的影响问题，中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所冻土工程国家重点实验室在2007年7—8月组织了“大兴安岭多年冻土与环境”科学考察，考察的主要区域涉及大兴安岭西坡从漠河（不连续多年冻土区）至阿尔山（多年冻土南界和下界附近）以及东坡从漠河、大杨树（零星岛状多年冻土区）至嫩江平原北部大庆附近（季节冻土区）．考察中发现多处重要古冻土遗迹和重新研究了乌玛和伊图里河不活动冰楔群，取得了大量第一手资料，以研究第四纪，特别是全新世以来，多年冻土和寒区环境演化和变化．考察过程中，对大兴安岭（漠河-黄岗梁）和长白山的针叶林优势种（兴安松和章子松）树木年轮进行了系统采样，以详细研究小冰期晚期以来的气候和环境变化．考察结果表明：最近50a来，受显著气候变暖和强烈人类活动影响，东北多年冻土已经产生显著退化，南界有较大幅度（40～120km）北移．根据最新预测表明，在未来50～100a气候变暖情景下，多年冻土将继续退化，但面积上的变化将较慢．这可能归结于东北地区较好的地表覆被条件和丰富的地下冰、雪盖减少，以及可能显著增强的西伯利亚-蒙古冷高压在冬季形成的强大、稳定和广泛的大气逆温层结对兴安-贝加尔型冻土的控制作�
Significant changes in permafrost and cold regions environments have occurred in Northeastern China due to the combined impacts of the marked climate warming and the enhanced anthropogenic activities since the ＂Open Policy＂ started in 1850. Permafrost and cold regions environments have become one of the primary national concerns, 40 years after the first climax of permafrost study during the 1950s-1960s, due to the readily increasing socio-economical and societal development, the needs for ensuring the structural safety and long-term stability of key engineering projects, and conspicuous and rapidly worsening cold regions hydrological and ecological environments. In order to evaluate and forecast the impacts of climate change and resultant degradation of permafrost on the engineering safety and long-term stability of foundation soils along the China-Russia Crude Oil Pipeline （Mo＇he to Daqing Segment）, an expedition on permafrost and environment was organized and implemented by the State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soils Engineering, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences during July to August 2007. The surveyed and investigated areas include the areas from Mo＇he （discontinuous permafrost zone） to Aershan Mountains on the western flank of the Da Xing＇anling （Hinggan） Mountains, Mo＇he to Dayangshu （patchy permafrost zone） on the eastern flank of the Da Xing＇anling （Hinggan） Mountains, to Daqing on the northern Songhuajiang-Nenjiang Rivers Plain （zone of seasonally frozen ground）. Large amount of samples and data on the evolution of permafrost and periglacial environments during the late Quaternary, particularly for studies on changes of permafrost and cold regions environments during the Holocene, such as many excavations on relict permafrost, including the inactive ice wedge groups, involutions and sand/soils structures, were collected and analyzed. In addition, tree-rings of the dominant species of the
出处
《冰川冻土》
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第1期176-182,共7页
Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology
基金
中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-311)
中国科学院百人计划项目"气候变化条件下高温冻土区线性工程基础稳定性研究"
中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所三期创新项目"东北北部寒区旱区环境变化记录
评估与适应对策"资助
关键词
大兴安岭
兴安-贝加尔型冻土
寒区环境演化冰缘现象
不活动冰楔群
砂(土)楔
Da Xing＇ anling （Hinggan） Mountains
Xing＇ an （Hinggan）-Baikal permafrost
evolution of cold regions environments
periglacial phenomena
inactive ice-wedge groups
sand and soil wedges and involutions
