摘要
在美国,关于黑人是否也具有和白人一样正常人性的争论,从18世纪美国奴隶制开始一直延续至今,也直接关涉到美国发生的种种社会冲突和矛盾。在美国历史上,白人往往通过否定黑人人性以达到其高人一等的目的,而黑人知识分子则不遗余力地为黑人的人性辩护。拉尔夫.埃利森通过对梅尔维尔、福克纳和马克.吐温等19世纪美国经典白人作家的作品解读,赞赏了这些作家在肯定黑人人性时表现出的人道主义精神;同时运用高度象征性和颠覆性的语言,展示了黑人的人性,揭示了白人的非人性;并通过"斯芬克斯之谜"典故的阐释,对普遍意义上的人性作了探讨,体现了作者对所有现代人的生存困境的关注,从而超越了以斯陀夫人小说为代表的注重道义宣传的传统文学,以及以理查德.赖特的创作为代表的注重态度强硬的抗议与暴力表达的自然主义文学,体现出回归与提升19世纪人文主义作家人道主义精神的创作倾向。
Abstract： This paper centers on Ralph Ellison＇s anatomy of humanity. The debate on whether the black man possesses human nature started from the slavery time in the 18＇h century in America till the present time. The white man＇s dehumanization of the black man to get a sense of superiority gives rise to various social conflicts and uprisings. The black intellectuals have been consistently battling for their humanity ever since. Ralph Ellison nimbly defends the blacks＇ humanity with his outstanding cultural vision, and his witty use of metaphors in language. He outdid the traditional literature focusing on moralistic propaganda by Mrs. Stowe, and the naturalistic protest fiction centering on hard-boiled remonstration and violence by Richard Wright, firstly by speaking highly of the 19th century classic works by such white writers as Melville, Faulkner and Mark Twain, who showed humanistic spirit affirming the blacks＇ humanity, and secondly by making use of the highly symbolic and subversive language both to represent negro＇s humanity and whites＇ inhumanity, and more importantly by probing into the universal human nature by alluding to the Riddle of the Sphinx, which demonstrates, in a broad sense, the author＇s humanistic concern for the living dilemma of the contemporary people and also his advocatory tendency to revive the humanistic spirit of the 19th century writers.
出处
《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》
CSSCI
2008年第1期173-182,共10页
Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences
基金
浙江省哲学社会科学规划资助项目(506000-S20501)
教育部后期资助项目(07JHQ0033)
