摘要
生态需水量的计算是水资源优化配置的前提和基础。通过分析生态需水的概念和分类,将陕西关中地区的生态需水划分为3类:河道外的生态需水、河道内的生态需水和城市生态需水。详细界定了3种生态需水的内涵和计算方法。植被生态需水量的计算采用直接计算法,即各种植被面积和植被蒸散发量的乘积求和;人工水域生态需水量的计算采用多年平均蒸发量与降水量的差值乘以水域面积;河流基本生态基流量以早期未遭到人类破坏的河流(渭河1963-1983年)最小月平均实测径流量的多年平均值作为基准;河流输沙需水量以多年平均输沙量与多年最大月平均含沙量的平均值的比值来计算。结合现有的数据,对关中地区的生态需水量进行了估算,现状水平年(2005年)生态需水量是45.73×108m3。由于生态需水是一定经济技术条件下的产物,可以根据现状水平年生态需水量来计算其他年份的生态需水量。
The calculation of ecological water consumption is the basis of redistributing water resources. This paper firstly analyzes the concept and classification of ecological water consumption, then the ecological water consumption in the Guanzhong region is divided into three types, i.e. the water consumption for the ecology outside and inside of the river channel and urban ecological water consumption. The detailed explanations of the three kinds of ecological water consunlption are given. The ecological water consumption for vegetation evaporation can be cal n culated by the formula Wp = ^n∑i=lAi×ETi. Reservoir evaporation is to multiply the water area with the volume of evaporation from water surface. The water requirement for maintaining the base flow of stream system can be calculated by the formula Wb = 365 × 24 × 3600 ×^n∑i=1minQij/n×10^-8. The calculation of ecological water consumption for preventing silt sedimentation of stream system is obtained by the formula Wsand = Sl/Cmax. According to the available data, the ecological water requirement in the study area in 2005 was 4. 573 × 10^9 m^3. The ecological water consumptions in other years can be calculated according to the actual situation of ecology and economic development.
出处
《干旱区研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第1期22-27,共6页
Arid Zone Research
基金
国家自然科学基金(10572090)
陕西省自然科学基金(2006D16)资助
关键词
生态需水量
优化配置
关中
陕西
ecological water requirement
rational allocation
Guanzhong region
Shaanxi Province
