摘要
为开发可用于面部修复的新皮瓣供区,采用常规解剖法和透明标本制作法,对10具成人尸体20侧颏下动静脉的解剖学特点和各类组织瓣形成的可行性及手术要点进行了探讨。结果:①颏下动脉存在恒定,有两套静脉伴行;②供应双侧颈前区皮肤;③可形成4种组织瓣;④形成皮瓣时,应包含颈阔肌;携带同侧二腹肌前腹可增加成话率;注意保护面神经下颌缘支和下齿槽神经的下颌舌骨肌支;⑤可形成岛状或游离皮瓣。颏下区的皮肤弹性好,组织薄,颜色与面部接近,故适于修复面下2/3及口内的缺损。
To search ideal flaps for facial defect repair ,the authors performed dissection in the sub- mental region of 20 cadavers.Different methods were used in the anatomic study.It is concluded that① there is a submental artery and two concomitant veins on each side of the submental region;②four types of flaps can be formed;③the flap can be transferred as a free or pedicled flap;④while creating the flap,the anterior belly of the bigastric muscle should be included and the branches of the facial nerve and inferior alveolar nerve must be protected.With the well-matched color and texture,the flap of the submental region is suitable for facial defect repair.
