摘要
福利国家在医疗保健的金融资助上片面追求公平、公正、平等。坚持医疗保健享有权的公平、公正、平等虽然符合世俗道德,但不符合情理和伦理学要求,并且会误导政府制定出财政上无法持续、医疗经费支付不合理的保健政策,把医疗保健作为福利来对待从而加重国家和个人的经济负担,而不能全面保障国民的保健需求。从国家政策和个人的选择、医疗保健项目与自我使用的权利和可利用的资源、享有权与道德风险、享有权与政治风险、国家福利制度与制药企业间、医疗技术的进步与医疗成本、医学进步与老年人口增长七个方面全方位探讨医疗保健与人的状况的有限性的关系。建议:发展中国家应该审慎研究发达国家的医疗保健政策,但绝不能照搬;他们需要建立和制定符合自己国情的医疗保障体系和政策,使国民享有全面的医疗保障;为了保障医疗财政支持的可持续性及全面保障国民的保健需求,应建立健康储蓄账户,并以强制性购买灾难性健康保险作为补充,对于一些贫穷的地方或地区,由国家支付经费为其建立健康储蓄账户,形成以家庭为单位的医疗经费支付单位,这样可以避免医疗保健享有权的五大危害:过度消费、政治风险、资源不足的风险、风险转移、哲学风险。
The author,in this paper, discussed carefully the risk of welfare state uphold fairness, justice and equality in the health care financing and noted that one -sided pursuit fairness, justice and quality in the fight to enjoy health do not meet reasonable and ethics requirements, although in line with secular ethics, and will misleading government to formulate a health policy in financial support unsustainable, nreasonable medical expenses paid. Welfare state treated generally health care as a welfare, so do would heavier individuals financial burden, but not meet fully people′s health needs . The author explored the relationship between health - care and ahuman- situation finitude fromthe seven areas, including national policy and individual choices, health care entitlement self - use and resources available, enjoy the fight and moral risks, the enjoy fight and political risk, the state welfare system and harmaceutical companies, medical technological advances and the cost of medical care, medical progress and growth of the elderly population. In order to ensure the financing sustainable and meet the heahheare requirement of citizens, the author recommended that establishment of health savings accounts, and compulsory purchase catastrophic health insurance as a supplement, and to some poor local or regional, paid for by the state and establishment of the health savings accounts, and to pay the medical expenses as a unit with family, such would avoid five hazard from healthcare entitlement： excessive consumption, political risk, the risk of inadequate resources, risk transfer, the risk of philosophy. Finally, author recommendations that the developing countries should carefully study health policy in developed countries, and establish and develop the medical security system and policies in line with their own national conditions, entitled to citizen a comprehensive heahhcare, and further reduce the economic burden, of the younger generation from growth of the elderly population.
出处
《中国医学伦理学》
2007年第6期8-14,共7页
Chinese Medical Ethics
