摘要
对９个苹果杂交组合和１个国光天然实生苗群体的童期、果实大小及颜色、成熟期和抗病性等经济性状的遗传特性进行了分析研究。结果认为，苹果遗传组成比较复杂，以上性状均属微效多基因控制，呈连续分布的数量性状遗传。杂种性状明显表现母性遗传优势，杂种群体结果的早晚，果实大小及颜色均有倾向母本的现象。杂种童期长短与亲本营养期亲中值呈正相关（相关系数ｒ＝０．６９），即亲本结果越早，杂种实生苗的童期亦短，但一般童期均较亲本营养期长。杂种果实平均果重普遍低于亲中值，并向中小果型回归，呈偏态分布。不同组合均有不同程度的超亲类型出现。果色虽有色对无色为显性，有色亲本后代仍有色，但有色后代仍出现无色类型和不同有色连续性状类型，明显表现出经济性状衰退和趋中变异。在成熟期性状遗传中，中×中、中×晚组合的杂种群体多倾向晚熟。在试验中，还发现多父（混合花粉）组合，其杂种后代出现抗病类型多，说明多父本具有多抗互补作用。此研究结果为今后苹果育种的亲本选择和选配，提供了参考依据。
Studies on the genetic characteristics of such economic characters as juvenile period,fruit size and color,mature date and disease resistance were carried out in nine apple hybridzed combinations and one natural seeding population from seeds of Ralls variety.The results are as follows:(1)The genetic components of apple are complicated,which is composed of quantitatine characters controlled by many minor genes and with continuous distribution.(2)Hybrid characters obviously show maternal heterosis,Fruit setting date,fruit size and color if hybrid population all tend to follow the femal parent.(3)Juvenile period of the hybrid is positively correlated to the median of vegetative periods of parents,and the correlation effieient is 0.69.Thus the earlier the fruit setting date of parents is,the shorter the juvenile period of hydrid seedling from seed.Commonly,the juvenile period is longer than the vegetative period of parents.(4)The average weight of single hybrid fruit is usually lower than the median of parents′ fruits,and hybrid fruit tend to be of small or medium size.But there are different kind of trans gressive in different combinations.Although colour is dominant to air colour in apple,coloured parents produce progeny with colour fruits,which can have descendants with fruits of air colour and successive colours.Of the combinations among varieties with different mature periods,the hybrid population of (medium × medium and medium × late),tend to be late maturing.(5)There are different kind of disease resistance in descendants of blended pollen.All the results above provide the basis for the selection f parents and hybridized combinations in apple breeding.
出处
《河南农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
1997年第3期238-243,共6页
Journal of Henan Agricultural University
关键词
苹果
经济性状
遗传
juvenile period
fruit color
single fruit weight
mature preiod
disease resis tance
genetic tendency
maternal inheritance
