摘要
简述了钢铁冶金技术如冶炼、轧制及热处理技术在最近几十年来取得的重大突破和明显进步。利用先进的钢铁冶金技术,可以降低钢铁中的硫磷杂质、有害气体及其它杂质,调整钢的组织类型和各种组织比例,细化钢的晶粒,使钢的强度、塑性、韧性及屈强比等综合性能得到很大改善。钢铁冶金技术的发展,对焊接科技工作者提出了挑战并促使他们进行思考。一方面,先进钢铁冶金技术的运用,净化了钢材,提高了钢的塑性和韧性,降低了钢的碳当量,改善了钢的焊接性能;另一方面,钢铁冶金技术的进步,进一步拉大了焊接结构中焊缝与母材之间的性能差距。为了使焊缝力学性能与母材相当或相近,在选择焊接材料、实施焊接工艺时,要充分考虑加强对焊接熔池的保护和净化、焊缝金属的晶粒细化和焊缝组织调控等几个因素。
The important breakthrough and prominent progress such as refining, rolling and heat treatment in ferrous metallurgy in the latest several decades were summarized. Utilizing advanced ferrous metallurgic technologies, the contents of sulfur and phosphor, harmful gases and other inclusions could be reduced, and at the same time, by regulating the style and proportion of steel microstructure, crystal grain of the steel will be refined, and the comprehensive properties including strength, plasticity, ductility and yield ratio are improved greatly. At meanwhile, with the development of ferrous metallurgic technologies, there are many new challenges that promote the scientists and technicians engaging welding to consider them. On the side of adopting advanced ferrous metallurgic technologies, the steel will be purified, the ductility and toughness of the steel will be increased, the carbon equivalent of the steel will be deduced and the weldability of steel will be improved. On the other hand, with the improvement of the ferrous metallurgic technologies, the property gap between weld and base metal in the welded structure will be enlarged. In order to make the mechanical properties of weld equal to or close to the mechanical properties of base metal, it should fully consider that are key factors such as protecting and purifying welding pool, refining the crystal grain of weld metal and regulating and controlling microstructure when choosing welding consumables and welding technologies.
出处
《焊接》
北大核心
2007年第9期26-29,45,共5页
Welding & Joining
关键词
精炼
控制轧制
晶粒细化
组织调控
refining, refining crystal grain, regulating and controlling microstructure
