摘要
近来语法化研究凸显了使用频率为语言规范及演化的机制。本文从频率入手考察当代台湾口语,探讨现代汉语中不定量词的词义与构式的互动以及不定量词所参与的构式在口语中呈现的分布与演变。不定量词"点"和"些"都有语义延伸的现象,其认知基础则是从具体到抽象、从数量到属性或程度、从物体到状态或事件、从客观到主观等基本认知范畴的映照关系。词汇的语义延伸常常导因于与其他词汇共现,形成构式;由于频繁使用,构式形义结合固定化(习语化或词汇化),成为心理词汇的独立单位。"点"和"些"在口语中呈现了构式形义结合固定化不同进程的几个例子。另外,不同的语体也会对不同的构式有所偏好与选择。
Recent studies in grammaticalization make it clear that frequency is a contributing factor in language routinization and language change.Checking frequency,distribution and the contexts in which they are used,this paper examines the semantics of measure words for unspecified quantities and the constructions they form in contemporary spoken Taiwan Mandarin.The meaning extensions that dian (点) and xie (些) display are accounted for in terms of the cognitive mapping relationships between the concrete and the abstract,between quantity and quality/degree,between object and state/event,and between the objective and the subjective.Furthermore,collocations may acquire constructional meaning through frequent use,and constructions may stabilize (idiomatize or lexicalize) as autonomous units in the mental lexicon.The analysis of dian and xie in spoken Mandarin reveals several constructions currently undergoing idiomatization/lexicalization at various stages.Finally,different preferences for these constructions are found in spoken vs.written language.
出处
《中国语文》
CSSCI
北大核心
2007年第6期507-515,共9页
Studies of the Chinese Language
关键词
不定量词
构式
习语化
词汇化
认知
词频
measure words for unspecified quantities
construction
diomatization
lexiealization
cognition
word frequency
