摘要
肺孢子虫肺炎是艾滋病常见的严重并发症，肺孢子虫肺炎的流行和发病情况随着艾滋病疫情的波动而变化。20世纪后期，欧美等发达国家对HIV感染者实施联合抗病毒治疗和磺胺类药物预防，使肺孢子虫肺炎的发病率明显下降，在发展中国家则呈上升趋势。婴幼儿中肺孢子虫感染非常普遍，可表现为无症状带虫者；HIV感染者、慢性呼吸道患者和孕妇有较高的带虫率；健康成人也可表现为带虫者。肺孢子虫可在现症患者、婴幼儿和成人带虫者之间通过空气、密切接触等方式互相传播、循环感染，因此肺孢子虫肺炎的预防控制不能忽视。
Pneumocystis pneumonia （PCP） remains one of the most prevalent and severe opportunistic infections in AIDS patients and the prevalence of PCP fluctuates with that of AIDS. Since late nineties of the last century, the prevalence of PCP has decreased in the developed countries in the northern America and Europe owing to the routine use of highly effective antiretroviral therapy and prophylaxis to HIV infected persons. By contrast, PCP has been increasingly reported in the developing countries in recent years. Pneumocystis infections in infants are very common and many appear to be asymptomatic carriers. HIV infection, chronic respiratory diseases and those pregnant predict high risk of carriage. A proportion of healthy aduhs also have been found to be the carriers. Infection ofpneumocystis may circulate among PCP active cases, infant and adult carriers by airborne and/or person-person transmission. Therefore, prevention and control of PCP infection should not be ignored.
出处
《国际医学寄生虫病杂志》
CAS
2007年第5期274-278,共5页
International JOurnal of Medical Parasitic Diseases
基金
广西科学基金项目（桂科回0639005）
关键词
肺孢子虫肺炎
流行病学
带虫者
院内感染
Pneumocystis pneumonia
Epidemiology
Carrier
Nosocomial infection
