摘要
生物质能源是唯一可再生、可替代化石能源转化成气态、液态和固态燃料以及其它化工原料或者产品的碳资源。随着化石资源的枯竭和人类对全球性环境问题的关注,生物质能源替代化石能源利用的研究和开发,已成为国内外众多学者研究和关注的热点。本系列讲座主要讲述以生物质资源为主要原料,通过不同途径转化为洁净的、高品位的气体、液体或固体燃料。本讲主要综述了生物质高压液化、快速热解液化制备液体燃料油技术现状、工艺及设备,并在总结生物质热解液体燃料油特性的基础上,总结了生物热解液体燃料油的物理法精制技术(包括脱水、添加溶剂和乳化)和化学法精制技术(包括催化加氢、催化裂解、催化酯化、水蒸气重整)的研究现状,并对其精制机理、优缺点进行了分析。随着制备和精制技术的深入研究,生物质热解液体燃料油可望替代汽油、柴油等化石燃料而越来越受到人们的关注。
Biomass is the sole renewable carbon resource that can be transferred into gas, liquid and solid fuels as well as other chemicals. As the fossil energy will be exhaustive, humans pay more attention to the problems of global environment. Many scholars and researchers in the world have been focusing on the research and development of biomass energy to substitute for fossil energy. The clean and high quality gas, liquid or solid fuels converted from renewable biomass resource by different ways were described in the course series. Preparation of bio-oil made by high-pressure liquefaction and fast pyrolysis was introduced in this paper, including research status, technics and equipments. Based on the summarization of characteristics of bio-oil derived from pyrolysis of biomass, research status on up-grading process of the bio-oil was reviewed, too, including physical up-grading technologies （dehydration, adding solvent, and emulsification） and chemical up-grading technologies （ hydrogenation, catalytic pyrolysis, catalytic esterification, steaming reforming）. The mechanism, advantages and disadvantages of these up-grading methods were analyzed. It was pointed out that the bio-oil from pyrolysis of biomass will substitute gasoline and diesel oil with the development of preparation and up-grading technology, which will be taken more and more attention.
出处
《生物质化学工程》
CAS
2007年第5期67-77,共11页
Biomass Chemical Engineering
基金
国家"十一.五"科技支撑计划(2006BAD07A03)
国家自然科学基金(30671649)
关键词
生物质
热解
生物油
制备
精制
燃料油
biomass
pyrolysis
bio-oil
preparation
up-grading
fuel oil
