摘要
“汕优63”是中国种植面积最大的水稻良种，1986年至今，平均每年约种植467万hm2，占全国籼稻总面积的22％左右，1990年种植687万hm2，占当年全国水稻总面积的27．1％。推广的范围跨越地球21．3个经度、20．2个纬度。已在全国16个省区种植5270hm2，据四年全国区试结果，一般产量达7．5～9．0t／hm2，最高达13．9t／hm2，每公顷增产1．1t，累计增产粮食585．4亿kg。本文着重介绍汕优63的主要农艺学和生物学性状，穗粒重三者协调，光补偿点低，光饱和点高，光能利用率高，对土壤中的N肥、K肥的吸收利用率高，而且耐盐碱，花期耐高温。对稻瘟病抗性较强，米质优等特点。汕优63再生力特别强，再生稻最高产量可达8．23t／hm2。
The cultivated area of 'Shanyou 63' has ben kept the first in china since 1986. the averagecultivated area one year is 4 .67 million hm2, about 22 % of the area Of indica zone in China and Particularly, 27. 1 % in 1990. It is almost cultivated all over the indica cultivated zone 17°36'N to 37°49'N and from 100°36'E to 121°38'E to 121 °56'E. It has been cultivated 52. 67 million hm2 and increased about 58. 5 billion kg grain from the year 1986 to 1995. According to the national rational yield trial,it increased 1. 1 t grain per hm2 comparing with CK. General grain yield was 8. 25t to gi Per hm2 and thehigheSt was 13. 9t per hm2. It has good ratoon ability and the highest grain yield of ratoon rice reached8.77t per hm2. This paper introduces the main agronomic and biological traits of 'Shanyou 63'. Theyield traits ie. panicles /hm2, grains per ear, and grain weight are all higher and well coordinated. Thelight compensation point is lower, and the light saturation point, utilization efficiency of light energy andN and K in the soil are higher than CK. It is tolerant to saline-alkali soil, to high temperature at florescence, and resistant to blast. It has good eating and cooking quility and ratoon ability. The ratoon riceyield reaches 8. 23t per hm2.
