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胆汁酸功能及其与肠道细菌相互关系 被引量:13

Bile Acids Function and Their Interaction with Gut Bacteria
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摘要 胆汁酸具有多种重要生理功能.近年研究发现,胆汁酸可作为信号分子与褐色脂肪细胞表面受体TGR5结合,可激活法尼酯衍生物X受体(nuclear receptor farnesoid X receptor,FXR)的表达.通过激活这些不同的信号传导途径,胆汁酸可以分别起到调节体内能量代谢平衡、控制肥胖以及抑制肠道细菌过度增殖的作用.胆汁酸与人及动物肠道细菌具有复杂的相互关系:肠道细菌对于胆汁酸的转化很重要,除了在胆汁酸的转化中发挥重要作用外,肠道微生物菌群还可以十分有效地水解已被胆汁酸清除的生物体内结合寄生物或异源物质,促进这些物质的活化或肠肝循环.宿主拥有一些抑制细菌过度增殖的机制,这些机制包括快速转运以及利用抗菌肽、蛋白水解肽和胆汁酸等进行抑菌;而有些肠道细菌在进化中形成一些抗性机制可避免胆汁酸胁迫.本文主要就胆汁酸控制肥胖以及抑制细菌过度增殖的机制和胆汁酸与肠道细菌相互关系进行了综述. Bile acids (BAs) posses many important physiological roles. It has recently emerged that BAs are also signaling molecules with systemic endocrine functions. BAs are ligands for the G-protein-coupled receptor TGR5, and activate nuclear hormone receptors such as farnesoid X receptor α. Through activation of these diverse signaling pathways, BAs can regulate triglyceride, cholesterol, energy, and glucose homeostasis, and at the same time inhibit the overgrowth of gut bacteria. The mammal large intestine harbors a complex microbial flora and the interaction between BAs and gut bacteria is complex. Gut bacteria are very important for the biotransformation of BAs, furthermore, the intestinal micronota is very efficient in hydrolyzing conjugated endobiotics and xenobiotics, and this favors the reactivation and the enterohepatic circulation of compounds that have been eliminated through the bile. In contrast, the host suppresses si gnificant bacterial colonization by a variety of mechanisms, including rapid transit times, antimicrobial peptides, proteolytic enzymes, and bile acids. Commensal and pathogenic microorganisms must resist the deleterious actions of bile in order to survive in the mammal gastrointestinal tract. This review focus on current advances in obesity controlling and inhibition of gut bacteria by bile acids, and the interaction between bile acids and gut bacteria.
出处 《中国生物化学与分子生物学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2007年第10期817-822,共6页 Chinese Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
基金 北京市重大项目资助项目(No.H030230280410)~~
关键词 胆汁酸 控制肥胖 肠道细菌 bile acids obesity controlling gut bacteria
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