摘要
1988年11月～1989年2月、1989年11月～1990年2月、1990年11月～1991年2月的三个冬季,在次生阔叶林中对四种啄木鸟（大斑啄木鸟、小斑啄木鸟、白背啄木鸟和灰头绿啄木鸟）的冬季取食行为作了比较研究.研究结果表明,四种啄木鸟在取食高度、取食方式、冠层取食位置（水平和垂直）、取食基质和取食树种等六个类型上,都有差异;取食生态位宽度和生态位重叠上也各有不同.由于这种差异而使四种啄木鸟各自占据不同的生态位或资源位,产生了生态分离.通过四种啄木鸟形态特性的比较可以看出（六个变量）,相互间差异均极显著,见表5.四种啄木鸟在体长和体重上差异极显著.白背啄木鸟和灰头绿啄木鸟的形态比较,尾长、翅长和嘴长差异并不显著;大斑啄木鸟与黑枕缘啄木鸟在翅长上比较,差异不显著;小斑啄木鸟与灰头绿啄木鸟在跗跖长比较,差异并不显著.除上述以外,四种啄木鸟形态特征上比较均差异极显著.我们认为,形态特性的差异是产生取食行为不同和生态分离的根本原因.
This is a study of the foraging behavior of Dendcocopos major, Great Spotted Woodpeckers; D. minor, Lesser spotted Woodpecker; D. leucotos, White- backed Woodpecker; Pious callus, Black- naped Green Woodpecker in winter. All data were gathered from November to next year February 1988 ～ 1991 in winer. Observations were made in secondary deciduous wood of Zuojia nature protection region of Jilin Provence. The four woodpeckers are common permanent residents and predominant members of an excavating gvild in secondary deciduous woods. The four woodpeckers foraging behavior are very difference on foraging method, foraging height, foraging position （Horizontal and vertical of tree canopy layer ）, foraging substrate and foraging tree species. The four woodpeckers foraging niche breadth and niche overlap are very difference. In order to these reason four woodpeckers has been different niche and resource position. The four woodpeckers has difference in morphological character. All observed showed that four woodpeckers in secondary deciduous wood resource used by utilization and partition pattern.
出处
《吉林师范大学学报（自然科学版）》
2007年第3期17-20,共4页
Journal of Jilin Normal University:Natural Science Edition
基金
国家自然科学基金(30670293)
关键词
啄木鸟
次生阔叶林
取食行为
形态特征
生态位宽度和重叠
woodpecker
secondary deciduous wood
foraging behavior
morphological character
niche breadth and overlap
