摘要
【目的】研究花生栽培品种对疮痂病的抗性差异,为品种抗性鉴定和利用提供科学依据。【方法】用病菌孢子悬液对32份品种作田间接种鉴定,对不同叶位病情做调查;用不同病级叶片作酶活性和丙二醛含量测定。对8份品种作表皮组织显微计测和病程观察。【结果】粤油5号等11份表现感病;濮花16等10份为中感;淮花8号等8份和徐花8号等3份则为中抗和抗病。抗病型品种(MR-R)顶端嫩叶发病率0～23.8%,Ⅴ、Ⅵ级病叶比率0;感病型品种(MS-S)则分别为84%～100%和10.7%～37.1%。随着叶片病害逐级加重,POD活性和MDA含量相应上升;CAT和SOD活性则呈下降趋势。不同品种皮层结构差异决定对疮痂病抗性,抗病品种具较厚的角质层,叶片气孔较少;且病菌潜育期长,产生病斑少,果荚带菌率低。【结论】主栽泉花10号等感病品种表皮角质层薄,嫩叶气孔多,病菌潜育期短,产生病斑数多,释放孢子量大,这是导致该病流行的首要因素。
[ Objective] identification of the resistance of peanut varieties against scab disease could provide useful information for breeding resistant varieties of the peanut. [ Method ] The seedlings of 32 varieties were inoculated with the spore of scab pathogen. Scientists observed disease development in the field and detected enzyme activity and MDA concentration in the leaves. Scientists conducted micro-measure and pathogenisis review on cortical structure of 8 varieties. [Result] The results showed that 11 varieties, including Eyou 5 and Huaihua 8, were susceptible; 10 varieties, including Puhua 16 and Jinhuasheng 1, were moderate susceptible; 8 varieties, including Eyou 9 and Huaihua 8, were moderate resistant; 3 varieties, including Xuhua 8, were resistant. The observation of different parts of leaves of varieties showed that the disease rates in the top leaf of the MR-R varieties were 0-23.8%.The rate of the V. VI disease index leaves was zero. While in the MS-S varieties, the disease rates were 84%-100%, and the rate of the V. VI disease index leaves were 10.7%-37.1%. The physiological tests showed that following disease development, the enzyme activity of POD and the concentration of MDA in the leaves were raised, while the activities of CAT and SOD were decreased. The micro-measure of different parts and different stages of leaves revealed that the different reactions to scab pathogen were determined by the structure of leaf epidermis. The leaves of resistant varieties had thick cutin and less stoma density. Therefore, in the resistant varieties, the latent period of disease was long, caused less lesions in the leaves and less disease carriers in the seed pods. [Conclusion] The main cultivated varieties in the fields, such as Quanhua 10, were susceptible. They had thin cutin and more stoma density in the leaves, which led to shorter latent period of disease, more lesions in the leaves and more spores released in the lesions. Those were the reasons explaining the epidemic of the disease in the fields.
出处
《中国农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2007年第2期291-297,共7页
Scientia Agricultura Sinica
基金
福州市科技发展基金项目(2002-7)
关键词
花生疮痂病
品种抗性
酶活性
皮层组织结构
潜育期
Peanut scab disease
Varietal resistance
Enzyme activity
Epidermis structure
Latent period
