摘要
目的了解湖南省肾综合征出血热(HFRS)流行病学特征、人群血清抗体的动态变化以及人群的隐性感染状况,为更好地防制HFRS提供科学依据。方法收集全省2002-2005年疫情资料和实验室检测资料,进行流行病学分析。采用IFA和ELISA检测监测点健康人群隐性感染状况,对全省送检的HFRS疑似病例血清检测IgM、IgG和进一步分型。结果全省2002-2005年共报告HFRS3763例,死亡17例,年均发病率和死亡率分别为1.42/10万和0.0064/10万。每年11月至次年1月为发病高峰期。高发区为湘潭市、长沙市、邵阳市、怀化市和益阳市,5市发病数占全省56.39%,职业分布以农民为主,男女发病率之比为2.03∶1,发病年龄主要集中在16～55岁。2002-2005年发病呈下降趋势,下降了66.14%。2002-2005年的疑似病例实验室确诊率为26.84%,确诊病例在发病初期IgM、IgG低滴度或阴性占86.81%。健康人群隐性感染率为5.88%。结论湖南省为混合型的HFRS疫区,疑似病例确诊率较低,人群隐性感染较高,因此应采取灭鼠和免疫人群相结合的综合防制措施,加强实验室诊断,提高临床诊断水平,更好地预防和控制HFRS。
Objective The study was conducted to explore the epidemiological characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome （HFRS）, the dynamic variation of serological antibody and the silent infection rate of people in Hunan for further prevention and control of HFRS. Methods The epidemic and laboratory data in Hunan from 2002 to 2005 was collected for epidemiological analysis. The silent infection rate among healthy people was calculated by indirect immunofluorescence assay （IFA） and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. IgM, IgG detection and further typing were conducted for HFRS suspected sera delivered in the province. Results 3763 cases were reported from 2002 to 2005 in the whole province, of which 17 patients died, and the annual incidence rate and the fatality rate were 1.42/lakh and 0.0064/lakh, respectively. Most infections had occurred from November to January of next year. The high incidence areas were Xiangtan, Changsha, Shaoyang, Huaihua, and Yiyang prefecture, the number of cases in the five prefectures accounting for 56.39%. Farmers were the most affected group. The ratio of male to female was 2.03：1. The incidence age ranged mainly from 16 to 55. From 2002 to 2005, the incidence showed a declining trend of 66.14%, and 26.82% suspected cases were confirmed by laboratory tests. 86.81% of the confirmed cases presented low liter or negative IgM and IgM at early stage. The silent infection rate among healthy people was 5.88%. Conclusion Hunan is a mixed epidemic area of HFRS where only few suspected cases have been confirmed and the silent infection rate is high. It is necessary to strengthen the preventive approaches combined with mouse-killing and vaccination for risk people. Laboratory diagnosis should be enhanced and clinical diagnosis improved for better prevention and control of HFRS.
出处
《疾病监测》
CAS
2007年第7期452-455,共4页
Disease Surveillance
关键词
监测
肾综合征出血热
汉坦病毒
流行病学
surveillance
hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
hantavims
epidemiology
