摘要
通过观察分布于准噶尔荒漠中的10种菊科短命植物的物候特征，运用主成分分析方法，对各主要物候期与气温、降水量、累计日照时数等主要气象因子的相关性进行分析。结果表明：①10种植物均于3月下旬至4月上旬萌发，5月中旬至6月中旬完成生活史，生活周期为55～80天。②气温（包括旬平均气温、旬最高气温、旬最低气温、≥5℃积温）对各物候期的影响最大，是制约10种植物生长发育最重要的气象因子；降水量是萌发期、展叶期、开花期和枯黄期的主导因子，累计日照时数是开花期、果熟期和枯黄期主导因子。说明10种菊科植物具有萌动早、生长发育快和生活周期短等特征，属典型的避旱型早春短命植物。10种菊科短命植物的物候节律对于躲避准噶尔荒漠夏季高温、干旱的气候环境，保证生殖成功具有重要的生态意义。
Phenological observations of 10 ephemeral Asteraceae species in the Junggar Desert were carried out for 3 years. A phenospectrum chart was prepared and principal component analysis （PCA） wae performed on the main meteorological factors influencing phenology, The main results are as follows： （1）All 10 species germinated in late March to early April and completed their life cycle in middle May to middle June, with life spans of 55 80 d. （2） The main meteorological-induced factors were different for the various phenophases. Temperature, including 10-day mean temperature , 10-day highest temperature, the 10-day lowest temperature and cumulative temperature ≥ a base temperature of 5 ℃, played important role in each phenophase. Thus temperature is the most important meteorological-inducing factoring in the growth of these 10 species; Cumulated hours of sunshine was the main factor for induction of flowering, fruit matuation and senescence, and 10-day amount precipitation was the main factors for induction of germination, leaf expansion, flowering and senescence. Thus hours of sunshine and 10-day amount precipitation played an equally important role in the life history of 10 ephemeral species. The 10 ephemeral species germinated and grew rapidly, and their life spans are shorter than other species growing in the Junggar Desert, indicating that all of them are typical spring ephemerals plants escape the arid summer climate in the drought and heat-tolerant seed stage. These phenological characteristics are important for 10 survival and reproductive success of the 10 ephemeral species in the extreme environment of the Junggar Desert.
出处
《干旱区研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2007年第4期470-475,共6页
Arid Zone Research
基金
国家自然科学基金重大研究计划项目(90302004)
新疆高校科研计划重点项目(XJEDU2004123)
国家863计划项目(2004AA227110-2)
