摘要
1996年中国石油进出口贸易中最突出的大事有两件:一是中国已成为原油净进口国,二是国际油价大幅度上涨,造成柴油进口量剧减,严重影响了国内的柴油供应。1996年中国原油出口量上升8％,达到2033万吨;原油进口量上升32％,首次突破2000万吨,达到2262万吨。原油进口额跃增45％,达到34亿美元,占中国对外贸易进口总额的2.45％。成品油进口量上升10％,达到1582万吨,而成品油出口量仅增加了0.7％,为418万吨。由于国际市场油品价格居高不下,柴油进口量比1995年下降了23％,降到460万吨,造成国内一些地方柴油脱销,价格飞涨。燃料油因国内供需缺口增大,进口量增加到854万吨,增幅达42％。中国石油市场与国际石油市场的联系越来越紧密,特别是进口原油的大幅度增加,给国内炼油企业带来了严重的挑战,同时也要求政府在价格机制、石油贸易管理体制等方面进行相应的变革。
There emerged two most distinguishable events in China's oil trade in 1996. One is that China became a net crude importer ; the other is that the domestic diesel supply was greatly impacted by diesel import decrease due to oil price surge in the international markets. In 1996. China's crude export increased by 8% to 20. 33 million tons, while the crude import increased by 32% to 22. 62 million tons. The crude import value rocketed to $ 3. 4 billion at 45% , equivalent to 2. 45% of the China's gross import value. The oil product imports increased by 10% to 15. 82 million tons while the export increased only by 0. 7% to 4. 18 million tons. Out-of-stock and price-surging occurred in some parts of the country because of the long standing high price of oil products in international markets, and the diesel import decreased by 23% to 4. 6 million tons. Because the gap between demand and supply enlarged, the fuel oil imports increased by 42% to 8. 54 million tons. The domestic refining enterprises were peppered with challenges when interrelationship between domestic and international oil markets became much closer, particularly the sharp increase of crude imports. In the meantime, the government was required to undertake corresponding reforms in the fields of pricing mechanism and oil trade management system.
出处
《国际石油经济》
1997年第2期6-12,39,共8页
International Petroleum Economics
