摘要
目的了解1990—2006年上海市风疹流行病学特征。方法用描述流行病学方法分析1990-2006年上海市传染病报告疫情数据库,数据采用Excel整理与分析。结果1990—2006年上海市风疹报告发病率为0.15/10万～451.57/10万;1993年上海市发生风疹大流行,是风疹发病最高的年份,共报告风疹病例58 104例,1998年是风疹发病的最低年份,共报告19例;1990—1994年(疫苗使用前)年平均报告发病率为93.00/10万,在疫苗使用前,风疹发病有明显的季节性特征,每年发病高峰集中在3—6月;风疹病例主要集中在儿童和青少年人群,即以5～9岁和10～14岁年龄组为主。1995年开始在上海市大规模使用风疹联合疫苗(MMR)后,全市MMR接种率达85%以上。风疹发病率呈逐渐下降趋势,每年报告风疹发病数除1995年外均<100例,风疹的发病得到有效控制。但疫苗使用后,风疹发病的年龄构成有所改变,0～4岁发病年龄构成增加,占总发病数的21.00%,且发病年龄有逐年后移趋势,20岁以上年龄组发病占总发病数的31.62%,1995—2006年25～29岁年龄组和30～34岁年龄组风疹发病率均高于疫苗使用前(除1993年)相同年龄组的发病率。结论上海市风疹发病年龄后移。
Objective This paper analyzed the epidemiological characteristics of rubella in Shanghai from 1990 to 2006. Methods Descriptive epidemiological study was applied to analyze the cases from infectious diseases reported system on rubella during 1990 - 2006 in Shanghai. Excel was used for data analysis. Results The reported rubella incidence rate in Shanghai was 0.15-451. 57 per 100 000 during the period from 1990 to 2006. A rubella epidemic happened in 1993, with the number of reported cases as 58 104. The year 1998 was the low year on rubella with only 19 reported cases. In the years without rubella vaccine（RV）, that was, from 1990 to 1994, the annual reported incidence rate of rubella was 93 per 100 000, and there was a distinct characteristic of seasonal difference, with peak in march through June each year. Rubella cases mostly affected children aged 5-9 and adolescent of 10-14 years old. Since the wide use of RV in Shanghai since 1995, RV and measles, mumps, rubella（MMR） had been widely accepted by parents. The vaccination rate of MMR reached up to 85 percent. The incidence of rubella was descending as year went by. The annual reported cases were less than 100 since then （with exception in the year 1995）. Local outbreaks were further reduced and the age group structure had also changed since the adoption of RV. Patients with RV fallen into the age group of 0-4 were increasing quickly, accounting for 21.00% percent of all the patients and the age become older. 31.62% of the patients fell into 20 years of age and above. During 1995 - 2006, the incidence rates of rubella in age 25-29 and 30-34 were both much higher than that in the year without vaccine. Conclusion The trend of older age among patients wilt Rubella increased the risk on fertile woman and geting congenital rehella syndrome.
出处
《中华流行病学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2007年第7期645-648,共4页
Chinese Journal of Epidemiology
关键词
风疹
流行特征
风疹疫苗
Rubella
Epidemiological characteristics
Rubella vaccine
