摘要
新历史主义小说以革命历史小说为“前文本”,从历史观、文学观和叙事话语等多层面上“解构”了有关历史和有关历史写作的观念。表现在通过强调偶然性因素、构造时空破碎的历史图景、运用“反英雄”的写作叙述策略、采取闹剧和讽刺剧的情节化方式,以虚无主义的历史观取代了革命历史小说的进化论史观;通过淡化处理历史情境、书写欲望化的历史景观、“悬置”政治话语判断等方式,背离了革命历史小说的“集体体验—意识形态”模式,对文学反映论提出了质疑;通过彰显历史叙述的主观性和人为性,在对历史的诗性叙述中,消解了革命历史小说“政治—道德”话语的天然合理性,实现了由集体话语向个人话语的转向。新历史小说的局限性在于,对偶然性背后的历史原因,欲望背后的文化原因,人性善恶背后的社会原因缺乏深刻挖掘,未能表达出对历史的深刻理解。
The new historical novel takes the revolutionary historical novel as its “pretext”,and “deconstructs” the conceptions of history and historical writing from the perspectives of historical,literary,and narrative discourses.It takes the place of the evolutionary point of view of history with the nihilistic one by putting emphasis on contingent elements,making spatial and temporal fragments in historical landscape,taking “anti-hero” as its narrative strategy of writing,and making farcical and satirical plots as its main ways of expression.It turns its back to the mode of “collective experience-ideology” and challenges the idea of literary reflection by showing its indifference to the historical contexts,turning historical landscapes into the desire of writing,and “suspending” the political discursive judgments.It deconstructs the natural feasibility of the “political-ethical” discourse of the revolutionary historical novel and realizes the shift from the collective to the individual discourses in its poetic historical narrative by way of exaggerating its subjectivity and artificiality.The limitations of the new historical novel lie in its lack of deep understanding of history itself and of depth exploration of the historical causes behind contingencies,the cultural causes behind desires,and the social causes behind the good and evil of human nature.
出处
《文艺研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2007年第7期12-20,共9页
Literature & Art Studies
