摘要
为改变长乐林场湿地松种子园低产现状,1991～1995年间对此进行了全面调查,并布置了多项试验。在分批将种子园密度由每公顷270株,减少到135株的基础上,找到了确保种子增产的相应配套技术:(1)选择对积温要求不高的优良无性系.筛选出以Ⅲ-33,Ⅳ-60为代表、当地能正常开花结实的16个无性系,普遍具有开花较早的特点;(2)施肥,特别是施磷钾肥,可增产种子1倍多。施用锌肥和磷肥,能提高球果出籽率1倍左右;(3)5～6月份开甲,能使不容易形成雌球花的无性系结果,球果增产率30.4％。与环割等同类措施相比,开甲不会造成树干粗度的上下畸变,适于生产中应用;(4)散粉期采用机动喷粉器吹风,帮助花粉飞散,球果出籽率提高47.6％;(5)开花初期喷施满果粉,球果出籽率提高51.2％;(6)通过清除虫源,诱杀成虫,烟雾剂防治等综合措施,使球果受害率由32.3％降低到5.0％以下。综合应用各项措施,使球果出籽率由0.59％提高到2.05％,种子产量由每公顷不足3kg提高到18.0kg以上。
During 1991 to 1995,a series of high seed yield tests were conducted in the Slash Pine Orchard in Changle Forest Farm. After knowing the cause for lower seed yield, the density was reduced from 270 to 135 tree/ha. Several clones,such as Ⅱ-33, Ⅵ-60 which could produce more seeds than the others were found. These clones possess the characteristie of earlier flowering. It means their conescould be developed normally in a lower temperature condition. Fertilizing,epecially P,K could increase seed production with a rate over 100%, the Zn and P could double increase the rate of seed from the cone. A slight beat on the hark of tree trunk called'kei-jia' in Chinese could promote flowering and increase cone production over 30.0% . Three years after the treatment ,the tree trunk is still normal ,it means the slight beat at the bark could be used in the production. It is useful to pollen or spray MG- powder,a special powder for seed production, during flowering period,which could increase the seeds from the cone with a rate of 47. 6% ,51. 2% , respectively. The cone pests should be controlled. Application of all these methods made the rate of the seed out of cone increase from 0. 59% to 2. 05%, the seed yield increased from lower 3 kg/hm^2 in 1992 to over 18 kg/ hm^2 in 1995 in the whole orchard with on area of 20 hm^2.
出处
《林业科学研究》
CSCD
北大核心
1997年第1期70-75,共6页
Forest Research
基金
国家"八五"科技攻关项目"湿地松
火炬松建筑
纸浆材良种选育"的专题研究内容之一
关键词
湿地松
种子园
密度
施肥
种子产量
slash pine seed orchard
techniques for high yield
density adjusting clonal selection
fertilization
