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北京西山风景林景观空间分布格局研究 被引量:14

Spatial distribution patterns of scenic forest landscape in Xishan Mountain of Beijing
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摘要 为探讨风景林景观格局特征,并进一步研究景观格局与人为干扰等生态过程的相互关系,该文以北京西山试验林场为研究区,从3个等级划分风景林景观斑块类型,对每个等级上的景观格局特征进行了数量化分析.得到如下结果:①3个等级上的全景观都属于细粒结构景观.②混交林和白蜡斑块类型分别在二、三级两个景观水平上具有较好的连通性,类型保持完整,对保持生物多样性有一定作用.③在一、二、三级3个水平对斑块形状特征影响较大的因子分别为:风景林自然状态保留程度、游客对风景林的干扰利用特征、林分固有自然属性.④研究区各景观水平上的全景观相对完整.二级斑块类型中未成林造林地和辅助林地相对破碎,针叶林破碎程度最低;三级斑块类型中山杏和元宝枫相对破碎,侧柏破碎程度最低.⑤部分斑块类型(如二级景观水平的针叶林;三级景观水平的油松、侧柏、刺槐)面积过大,分布偏于集中,均匀度较低.可通过调整混交比例,选择适当混交树种等手段,调整斑块类型间的分配比例.⑥保留生态脆弱区的灌木林. In order to research the characteristics of scenic forest landscape patterns and further study the correlations between the ecosystem processes, such as the landscape pattern, and the factitious jamming, this paper took the Beijing Xishan Mountains Experimental Tree Farm as the research area, divided the scenic forest landscape patterns into three levels, and then took quantitative analysis on each level. The results were as the followings : 1 ) the panorama landscape of the three levels were all granule structural landscape. 2) The mixed forest patches on the second level and the Fraxinus chinensis patches on the third level both had good connectedness and integrated types. This is beneficial to maintain the biodiversity of the scenic forests as a whole. 3)The factors having the biggest effects on the characteristics of the patch shapes in three levels were nature closeness of patterns, using characteristics of victors to the scenic forests and natural attributes of stand. 4)The panorama fragmentation degree of each level in the research areas was low. At the second level, the underage-forestland and assistant woodland had the highest fragmentation degree, and the conifer was the lowest. The patches of Prunus armeniaca and Acer truncatum had the highest fragmentation degree at the third level, and Platycladus orientalis was the lowest at this level. 5)Some patch types (such as the conifer patch at the second landscape level, along with Pinus tabulaeformis, Platycladus orientalis and Robinia pseudoacacia at the third landscape level) had a large acreage and concentrated distribution. All patch types had a low uniformity. 6)The shrubbery in the ecological vulnerable region was reserved.
出处 《北京林业大学学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2007年第3期74-80,共7页 Journal of Beijing Forestry University
基金 北京市自然科学基金项目(6052012) 国家林业局2003年度重点科研项目(2003--018--L18)
关键词 景观类型 风景林 景观格局 分维数 landscape types, scenic forests, landscape pattern, fractal dimensions
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