摘要
为选育耐热水稻品种,对2个耐热性不同的水稻品种进行高温处理(8:00～17:00,37℃,17:00～8:00,30℃),测定了高温胁迫对水稻花器官和产量构成要素及稻米品质的影响.结果表明,水稻抽穗开花期高温导致水稻开颖角度、花丝长度和花粉粒直径明显增大,花药开裂、花粉可染率明显下降,柱头活力下降不明显,耐热品种996开颖角度、花丝长度和花粉粒直径在高温下增幅大于热敏感品种4628,而花药开裂、花粉可染率和柱头活力下降幅度小于热敏感品种4628;高温导致结实率和千粒重明显下降,每穗总粒数增减不显著,耐热品种996的结实率、千粒重下降幅度小于热敏感品种4628;高温显著降低了稻米的精米率和整精米率,提高了垩白粒率和垩白度,高温下稻米碱消值、胶稠度和直链淀粉含量下降,蛋白质含量提高,热敏感品种4628的稻米品质受高温影响大.
Ttreated with high temperature stress （8：00 - 17：00, 37 ℃, 17：00 - 8：00, 30 ℃）, the flower organ, yield components and grain quality of the two cultivars were determined. The results showed that glume opening angle, filament length and pollen diameter significantly increased, anther dehiscence and stainable pollen grains rate significantly decreased, stigma vigour insignificantly decreased under high temperature stress, the rising scope of glume opening angle, filament length and pollen diameter in heat-tolerant cultivar 996 was larger than that of heat-sensitive cultivar 4628, but the descending scope of anther dehiscence, stainable pollen grains rate and stigma vigour was smaller than that of heat-sensitive cultivar 4628. Seed set rate and 1 000-grain weight significantly decreased under high temperature stress, but no significant impact was found on the grain number per panicle, the descending scope of seed set rate and 1000-grain weight in heat-tolerant cultivar 996 was smaller than that of heat-sensitive cultivar 4628; Milked rice rate and head rice rate decreased significantly, chalkiness rate and chalkiness degree increased significantly, alkali spreading value, gel consistency and amylase content decreased, but protein content increased under high temperature stress, grain quality of heat-sensitive cultivar 4628 was greatly affected by high temperature stress.
出处
《湖南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2007年第2期132-136,共5页
Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Natural Sciences)
基金
国家"863"计划现代农业技术项目(200AA241023)
国家自然科学基金项目(3015004)
湖南省自然科学基金项目(03GGY3033)
国家科技成果转化资金项目(05EFN214300193)
关键词
水稻
高温胁迫
花器官
产量构成要素
稻米品质
rice. high temperaturestress
flower organ ： yield components
grain quality
