摘要
有论者认为,孟子仁政思想的出发点和归结点是一切为人民而政治,统治者的利益从属于人民利益之下,是君服侍民。其实,孟子提倡实行仁政,其目的是为了君王能够保有自己的国家,巩固自己的统治。他提出要让民有基本生存的条件,能够活下去,首先要让民有足够的土地可以耕作。其仁政措施主要体现在征税政策上。但他明确表示,减轻人民的经济负担是有限度的,这个限度就是统治者的根本利益要得到保证。孟子认为,亲亲是比仁民更高层次的关系和原则,当两者冲突时,仁民让位于亲亲。孟子所反对的诸侯间为争夺土地而进行的战争,与他所倡导的仁政并不一定是对立和矛盾的,其目的都是维护统治者自身的利益。
Some scholars claim that Mencius＇ s idea of a benevolent government is the idea of a government for the people, where the rider＇ s interest is subject to the people＇ s interest, where the sovereign serves the people. This article will argue against such an idea. Mencius advocates a benevolent government only to insure that the sovereign can retain his nation and solidify his rule. He suggests that the people be provided with living essence most importantly a piece of land to farm on. His benevolent policies are mostly about taxation. Nonetheless, he states clearly that there is a limit in lessening people＇ s economic burden, where the interest of the ruler should be ensured. Mencius thinks that relative affection is a more important principle than benevolence, and when these two conflict, relative affection should maintain a dominant position. Probing deeper into the case, we can find that Mencius ＇ s benevolent government and the war for lands between nations （which Mencius disapproves） are not really contradictory, for both serve for the interest of the sovereign.
出处
《徐州师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
2007年第2期99-103,共5页
Journal of Xuzhou Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)
关键词
孟子
仁政思想
人民
统治者
Mencius
benevolent government
people
sovereign
