摘要
很多图像认证算法或者篡改定位精度较高,但容易受到攻击,或者牺牲定位精度来提高安全性.该算法利用自定义的层次结构,不但可以抵抗矢量量化(VQ)、黑盒(ORACLE)等各种攻击,满足安全性要求,而且具有很高篡改定位精度.如果一个被篡改的像素在第四层没有被检测出来,也会以将近100%的概率在第三、第二和第一层检测出来.理论分析表明该算法对单像素、2×2像素块篡改的漏报率分别低于0.78%、0.19%,对大于等于4×4像素块篡改的漏报率约等于0.实验结果表明,该算法对图像篡改具有高度的敏感性,而且嵌入的水印具有很好的不可感知性.
Several image authentication schemes are either vulnerable to attacks or sacrifice localization accuracy to improve security. In this paper, a scheme is proposed that not only thwarts all kinds of attacks such as vector quantization（VQ） and oracle attack in order to satisfy the security but also ensures superior accuracy of tamper localization. If a tampered pixel is not detected in level-4, it will be detected in level 3, level 2 or level 1 with a probability of nearly 1. Theory analysis demonstrates that the method can detect any tampered pixel and the size of 2 × 2 pixel block with a missing rate less than 0.78% and 0. 19% respectively, and the missing rate of more than or equal the size of 4 × 4 pixel block is approximately close to 0. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme is highly sensitive to intentional tampering and the embedding watermarking is imperceptive.
出处
《小型微型计算机系统》
CSCD
北大核心
2007年第4期701-705,共5页
Journal of Chinese Computer Systems
关键词
图像认证
脆弱数字水印
层次结构
篡改检测
篡改定位
image authentication
fragile watermarking
hierarchical structure
tamper detection
tamper localization
