摘要
随着经验实证主义的衰落,心理学迎来了后经验主义时代。在后经验主义时代,人们对理论和经验观察的关系有了新的理解。理论不再是经验观察的附属物,相反,经验事实是被理论决定的。理论不是经验事实的概括和归纳,而是一种文化历史的建构。后经验主义时代的理论心理学以库恩的范式论、现象学、释义学和社会建构论作为自己的哲学基础。理论的评价标准不再是与经验事实的一致性。因为经验事实由于受到理论的污染,不再是一种客观的标准。在后经验主义条件下,理论的评价标准可建立在概念和逻辑、价值观和意识形态、修辞与叙事以及实践和应用的水平上。
With the progressive undermining of empirical positivism, psychology is now entering a post-empiricist era. New understanding has been taken on the relationship between theory and observation. Theory is no more a second-class enterprise psychologists make in spare time after completing the difficult empirical researches. Rather, theory is active and empirical facts are meaningful only when explained by corresponding theories. On this account, theory does not come from the generalization and induction of empirical facts; instead theory is a social construct and is invented by people in a particular culture and society. In addition, theory in the post-empiricist era is not a finished product. Theory is only provisional, and merely a tool that makes communication easier.
In the empiricist era, the philosophical fundamentals of theoretical psychology are empiricism and positivism. But in the post-empiricist era, theoretical psychology is based on Kuhn＇s theory of paradigm, Husserl＇s phenomenology, hermeneutics and social constructionism. All the doctrines have stood as the critical counter to the empiricist tradition. Kuhn claimed that a paradigm is in essence a theoretical framework that dictates which is and is not a fact. Therefore, theory is very important in scientific activities. The phenomenological tradition emphasizes the metaphysical method which is a kind of theoretical thinking. The hermeneutic perspective criticizes the empiricist view that understanding can be derived from observation. It has laid the grotmdwork for what is commonly regarded as interpretive science. According to this perspective, the study of psychological phenomena is irreducibly interpretive. Interpretation is also a way of theoretical thinking. Therefore, hermeneutics can be a support of theoretical psychology. Social constructionism argues that no theoretical views can warrant its own truth either with evidence or empirical data, for all the theories are social construction and we have no way to validate these claims. Psychol
出处
《心理学报》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2007年第1期184-190,共7页
Acta Psychologica Sinica
基金
江苏省哲学社会科学十五规划重点项目(04JYA001)。
关键词
理论心理学
后经验主义
逻辑实证主义
后现代主义
范式论
theoretical psychology, post-empiricism, logical positivism, postmodernism, theory of paradigm.
