3Andropoulos DB,Bent ST,Skjonsby B,et al.The optimal length of insertion of central venous catheters for pediatric patients[J].Anesth Analg,2001,93(4):883 被引量:1
4Francis KR,Picard DL,Fajardo MA,et al.Avoiding complications and decreasing costs of central venous catheter placement utilizing electrocadiographic guidance[J].Surg Gynecol Obstet,1992,175:210 被引量:1
5Hayashi Y,Maruyama K,Takaki O,et al.Optimal placement of CVP catheter in paediatric cardiac patients[J].Can J Anaesth,1995,42(6):479 被引量:1
7Cucchiara R,Messick J,Gronert G,et al.Time required and success rate of percutaneous right atrial catheterization[J].Can J Anesth,1980,27:527 被引量:1
8Colley PS,Artru AA.ECG-guided placement of Sorenson CVP catheters via arm veins[J].Anesth Analg,1984,63:953 被引量:1
二级参考文献12
1[1]Francis KR,Picard DL,Fajardo MA,et al.Avoiding complications and decreasing costs of central venous catheter placement utilizing Electrocadiographic guidance.Surgery,Gynecology and Obstetrics,1992,175∶210. 被引量:1
2[2]Salmela L,Aromaa U.Verification of the position of a central venous catheter by intra-atrial EKG.When does this method fail?Acta Anaesthesiol Scand,1993,37∶26-27. 被引量:1
3[3]Zarshenas Z,?Sparschu RA.?Catheter placement and misplacement.Critical care clinics,1994,10∶425. 被引量:1
4[4]Cucchiara R,Messick J,Gronert G,et al.Time required and success rate of percutaneous right atrial catheterization.Can J Anesth,1980,27∶527. 被引量:1
5[5]Colley PS,Artru AA,ECG-guided placement of Sorenson CVP catheters via arm veins.Anesth Analg,1984,63∶953. 被引量:1
1Kowalski CM, Kaufman JA, Rivitz SM, et al. Migration of central venous catheters: implicationsfor initial catheter tip po- sitioning. J Vasc Interv Radiol, 1997,8(3) :443-447. 被引量:1
2Fletcher S J, BodenhamAR. Safe placement of central venous catheterswhere should the tip of the catheter tie. Br J An- aesth, 2000,85(2):188-191. 被引量:1
3Peres PW. Positioning central venous catheters-a prospective survey. Anaesth IntensCare, 1990,18(4):536-539. 被引量:1