摘要
目的 了解湖南长沙地区HIV／AIDS患者的一般情况、传播途径、临床表现以及机会性感染发生部位及病原情况。方法 对长沙市传染病医院自2003年4月～2006年6月收治的48例HIV／AIDS病人进行回顾性分析。结果 经性传播是本地区HIV／AIDS最主要的传播途径（占75．0％）；发病人群主要为农民、无业及打工人员；最常见的临床症状为发热（75．0％）、体重减轻（64．6％）、咳嗽（52．1％）、皮肤病变（43．8％）、慢性腹泻（37．5％）、淋巴结肿大（37．5％）、气促以及呼吸困难（14．6％）；45．8％的患者白细胞总数低于正常，胸片检查异常者占62．5％，CD4＋T细胞〈200／μl者占78．2％；机会性感染发生率为85．4％，最常见的机会性感染是：口腔真菌感染（52．1％）、肺部感染（54．2％）、真菌性肠炎（14．6％）、皮肤疱疹病毒感染（18．6％）、肺及肺外结核（16．7％）等。结论 湖南长沙地区HIV／AIDS的感染以农民等普通人群为主，主要经性传播，临床上以发热、咳嗽、体重减轻及慢性腹泻为常见症状，大多数病例胸片检查有异常，易误诊为肺部感染。机会性感染表现为多系统、多种致病微生物并存，细菌、真菌、病毒均为常见病原，呼吸、消化系统以及皮肤软组织为常见感染部位。
Objective To elucidate general characteristics of HIV/AIDS patients seeking care at Changsha Infectious Disease Hospital in an attempt to guide early diagnosis and treatment. Methods A retrospective analysis of 48 HIV/AIDS cases from April 2003 to June 2006 was completed by using SPSS statistical analysis. Results Among these patients, most of them were infected by sexually transmission route （75.0 % ）. They were peasants, jobless and casual laborers, came from various districts of Hunan Province. The most common symptoms were fever （75.0%）, weight loss （64.6%）, cough （52.1% ） skin rashes （43.8 % ）, chronic diarrhea（37.5 % ）, and lymphadenhypertrophia （37.5 % ） ; 14.6 % cases had breath- lessness and dyspneic respiration, 45.8% cases＇ white blood cells were lower than normal, 62.5% cases＇ chest X - ray were abnormal, 78.2 % cases＇ CD4 ＋ T lymphocytes were lower than 200/μl, and 85.4 % cases had opportunistic infections （OIs）. The most common Ols were thrush （52.1% ）, pulmonary infection （54.2 % ）, fungal infected diarrhoea（ 14.6 % ）, herpes（18.6 %）, and 16.7 % patients were co- infected with pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Conclusion The majority of cases was general population and they had contracted HIV/AIDS sexually. Fever is the first presenting sign; weight loss, cough and diarrhea are the most common symptoms. Thrush and pulmonary infection are the most frequent OIs. Most cases＇ chest X- ray are abnormal and might been misdiagnosed as pulmonary infection. The most common pathogens of OIs are bacteria, fungus and virus. OIs are multi- organs effected and complicated.
出处
《实用预防医学》
CAS
2006年第5期1118-1120,共3页
Practical Preventive Medicine
基金
中国-瑞典SIDA艾滋病综合防治项目支持
关键词
HIV/AIDS
传播途径
临床表现
机会性感染
HIV/AIDS
Route of Transmission
Clinical manifestation
Opportunistic Infections
