摘要
采用面积定额法估算泾河流域31个县的农作物需水量,从农作物需水结构着手,探讨农业用水存在的问题。结果表明,泾河流域农作物需水量总计740 543.20万m3,农作物需水占总需水量的比例较高,为41.58%。粮食作物需水定额较经济作物高;就具体作物而言,菜、瓜类、水稻、棉花等需水定额较高,向日葵、薯类、胡麻等较低。各县(区)单位面积需水量差异较大,平均值为4 583 m3.hm-2;泾阳县最高,为5 682 m3.hm-2,定边县最低,为4 022 m3.hm-2。由于事先设定大多数作物的需水定额不随县(区)的改变而改变,因此需水量与作物结构密切相关。农业用水浪费严重,使泾河流域农作物实际用水量远高于需水量的理论计算值。为此,提出合理利用泾河流域农业水土资源的4项对策:调整种植业结构;多角度实施农业节水;完善农业水土资源优化配置定量方法;退耕还林还草,发展生态林牧业。
The quota-area method was used to estimate water demands of agricultural crops in 31 counties of the Jinghe Watershed. Results show 1 ） the total water requirement of the crops in the Jinghe Watershed is 740 543.20 × 10^4 m^3 , accounting for 41.58% of the total water requirement of the region; 2） of the two major groups of crops, grain crops are higher than cash crops in water requirement quotas; and among specific crops, vegetables, melons, rice and cotton are higher and sunflower, potato and benne are lower than other crops; 3 ） water requirement per hectare varies from county to county with the highest being 5 682 m^3 · hm^-2, in Jingyang County, and the lowest 4 022 m^3 · hm^ -2 in Dingbian County, averaged to 4 583 m^3 · hm^-2, but the water requirement quota of a crop does not vary with the county, so calculation of water requirement quota of a county is closely related to its cropping structure; and 4） because of serious waste of water in farming, the actual water consumption in agriculture in the region is much higher than the calculated crop water requirement. Therefore, four strategies for reasonable utilization of the water and land resources in the Jinghe Watershed are put forth as follows： to readjust the cropping structure, to develop water-saving farming, to improve the quantification method for optimal allocation of agricultural water and soil resources, and to implement the policy of grain for green.
出处
《生态与农村环境学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2006年第4期30-34,共5页
Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment
基金
国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(2002CB111506)
关键词
西北地区
泾河流域
种植业需水
水问题分析
调控对策
northwestern China
Jinghe Watershed
crop water requirement
analysis of water problem
countermeasure
