摘要
对1994～2001年在芬兰收集的11只白尾海雕（WSES）（Haliaeetus albicilla）的兄亡原因进行了调查，包括环境污染物和寄生虫感染分析。4只白尾海雕死于电击。2只死于铅中毒，在另外一只的砂囊中发现了铅制子弹碎片。一只11龄雌性白尾海雕因缠绞于捕鱼船齿轮中溺死，但其肝脏和肾脏中的汞含量达到了生理毒性水平。一只白尾海雕显然死于种内竞争，可能是与另外一只发生争斗的结果。2只白尾海雕的死亡原因无法确定，但其中一只的肝脏中铅含量高达4．604μg／g，铅暴露达到临床相关浓度。有机氯杀虫剂、多氯联苯和镉在各器官中的含量中等，对于作为捕食者的鸟类没有毒害。对10只白尾海雕进行了寄生虫感染调查，其中8只携带有7种寄生虫，但未感染体外寄生虫和双孢子球虫。肝吸虫（Metorchis billis）流行率最高，达到40％，但在海雕中没有发现严重的寄生虫感染。在白尾海雕中首次发现两种棘头纲虫（Corynosoma semerme和Polvmorphus meveri）．
Eleven white-tailed sea eagles (WSEs) (Haliaeetus albicilla) collected in Finland between 1994 and 2001 were examined for their causes of death,including analyses of ubiquitous environmental contaminants and parasites.Four WSEs died due to electrocution.Two were lead poisoned and another had fragments of a lead bullet in its gizzard.An 11-year-old female drowned entangled in fishing gear,but also had mercury levels in its liver and kidneys known for detrimental physiological effects.One WSE was evidently killed by an intraspecific conflict,which was also assumed to be with another bird. The mortality factors of two WSEs could not be clarified, but one had a lead level of 4.604 μg g^(-1) in its liver, indicating high lead exposure at a clinically relevant concentration.All organ levels of chlorinated pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls,and cadmium were moderate and not harmful for birds of prey.Seven helminth species, but no ectoparasites or coccidians,were found in 8 of 10 WSEs investigated for parasites.The highest prevalence of 40% was found for the liver fluke Metorchis billis,but no severe parasitosis was diagnosed for the eagles.The two acanthocephalan species Corynosoma semerme and Polymorphus meyeri are both new records for WSEs.
