摘要
目的：通过问卷调查方法研究跳伞训练中空降兵新兵心理应激状态及其变化规律，为心理卫生工作及提高军事训练效率提供科学依据。方法：应用心理健康症状问卷（SCL-90）、跳伞心理应激问卷对165名空降兵新兵跳伞员进行心理测评。结果：伞训结束时，“强迫”、“人际”、“抑郁”、“恐怖”、“偏执”、“精神病性”等因子分及总分明显低于伞训前（P〈0．05）。跳伞心理应激问卷除第1次与第2次、第2次与第3次、第4次与第5次之间外，前5次之间以及前5次与后5次之间得分均有显著性差异，随着跳伞次数增加，平均值逐渐降低；后5次测试结果无显著性差异。SCL-90各因子分与不同时点跳伞心理应激问卷得分多数呈轻至较高度正相关（r：0．21～0．70）；SCL-90总分与各次跳伞心理应激强度均呈中度以上相关（r：0．45～0．68）。不同时点心理应激相关性分析显示，前2次与第10次的相关性较弱（r=0．36，0．39），越往后相关性越高，第4、5、6、7、8、9次与第10次间均呈较高度或高度相关（r：0．62～0．88）。结论：伞训应激对新兵心理健康有明显损伤，随着跳伞次数的增加，心理应激状态逐渐缓解适应，5次跳伞后进入较平稳的一般应激水平。新兵前5次跳伞应作为心理障碍、伞训事故及训练伤发生的重点防范期。保证一定数量的跳伞训练次数是必要的。心理应激水平与适应力存在较稳定的个体差异。
Objective： In order to enhance airborne forces＇ mental health and military training, recruits＇ mental stress and movement regulation through questionnaire was studied. Methods： 165 recruits（parachuters） were measured with SCL- 90 and questionnaire of psychology stress reaction. Results： When the training is end, factors score including ＂force＂, ＂humanrelations＂, ＂suppress＂, ＂terror＂, ＂bigotry＂, ＂mental illness＂ was clearly lower than the untrained parachuters （ P 〈 0.05）. The result of questionnaire indicate that score of the fn＇st 5 times and the last 5 times is distinct difference in addition to of the 1 time and 2 time,2 time and 3 time,4 time and 5 time, along with bail out the number of times, mean is gradually lowing. The score of the later 5 times is not distinct difference. The factors score of SCL- 90 was correlated with the factors score of questionnaire of psychology stress reaction （r：0.21 - 0.70）. The total score of SCL- 90 was middlingly correlated with mental sress degree（r：0.45 -0.68）. The relativity analysis in different time indicate that the 10th- time is weaken correlated with the 2 times （r = 0.36,0.39）, the more times , the highly correlation, especially the 4,5,6,7,8 times is highly correlated with the 10th time （R：0.62 - 0.88）. Conclusion ：recruits＇ mental heath is obviously harmed by the stress aroused bail out training. Along with the more bail out training the mental stress is weaken, the 5 times bail out will be keep a steady level. The first 5 parachute jump should be consider main preventive period as mental disorder, the accident of bailout training and training injury. It is necessary to carry out more training to recruits＇ mental health. There is steady individual difference between degree of psychology stress and adaptation tolerance.
出处
《中国民康医学》
2006年第18期729-732,共4页
Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Health
