摘要
祈使是俄汉语共同使用的语法范畴。俄汉语祈使范畴的语义基本相同,但语用功能相差较大。汉语是分析语,俄语属于综合语,富于形态变化;汉语动词无体的区别,俄语动词则分为完成体动词、未完成体动词和兼体动词。体是俄语动词的核心语法范畴,与态、时、式、人称等其他语法范畴相比,体处于特殊地位。在祈使句中动词体的不同,表达的意义并不相同。另外,动词祈使式的人称还受到亲疏关系、年龄、社会地位等因素的影响。
The imperative category is the common grammatical category＇. Russian imperative category has the same semantic function as Chinese imperative category, but their pragmatic functions are different. Chinese is an analytic language,while Russian is a synthetic language,which is rich in the form changing. Unlike Chinese, Russian verbs can be subdivided into perfect, continuous and perfect continuous aspect. Aspect lies in the center of the grammatical category of Russian verb ,which juxtaposes with voice,tense,mood and person. Therefore,the usage of different aspect of verbs in imperative sentences may imply different senses. Besides, person of imperative verbs is affected by intimacy, age, social position and some other factors.
出处
《哈尔滨工业大学学报（社会科学版）》
2006年第5期153-156,共4页
Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(Social Sciences Edition)
关键词
俄语
汉语
祈使
对比
Russian
Chinese
imperative
comparison
