摘要
图与文相配的图书出现于古代,确切说是近古；有科学意识地进行图文配合则出现在近代,但依然没有摆脱图书有文无图的基本状态。当前,史学著作的图文配合的水准较低,主要表现为,图与文内容不相配合,图的说明质量不高,印刷不够清晰等。产生这些现象的原因是多方面的：一是对使用图片的真正意义和图文配合的学术价值尚欠明了；二是对图片材料底码不清,以为缺少史源；三是不懂得运用图片是艰苦的研究过程和结果；四是缺乏学术规范；五是过多地考虑图书成本问题。事实上,凡依据一切历史的、现实的实物、事象所拍摄的照片、记录片及文艺表演影像,均是视觉史料,是理解、阐释历史的史源之一种。由于它是以照片(图片)形式表现出来的,而照片又是依据实物、事象拍摄的,所以,照片来源的诸种实物、事象就成为考虑视觉史料分类的出发点。大体可以将它们区分为造形、绘画、各种实物、铭刻文书、遗迹遗址、古建民居、地图、历史照片、各种古代文书等类,以便一一说明其史料价值。当然,图文配合也应有学术规范。就其内容讲,在选图、命题、出处注释、材料考证、知识产权五个方面有与文章规矩相同之处,然亦有不同。从一定意义上说,可能更有其复杂性。总之,构建视觉史料学是非常必要的,史学工作者有责任予以关注。
All the photos, documentaries, films and video of performance taken from historical and realistic articles and things are visual materials of history, and it is one of the historical sources in understanding and interpreting history. Since it is expressed in the forms of photos （and pictures）, and the photos are taken from real things, the latter is to be the starting point in considering the categories of the visual materials of history. They can be roughly divided into configuration, painting, articles, engraved words, historical relics, ancient residential houses, maps, historical photos, and all kinds of ancient literatures, etc, for the purpose of depicting their value respectively. It is sure that the combination of illustration and text should have its academic norms. As for the contents, they have both conformity and difference in comparing with the norms of textsin five aspects, i. e. , selection of pictures, titles, annotations, textual examination and the right of intellectual property. In a word, it is highly necessary to construct the studies of visual materials, and the historians have the responsibility to pay attention to it.
出处
《学术月刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2006年第7期123-128,共6页
Academic Monthly
关键词
史学著作
图文配合
视觉史料
学术规范
history works, combination of illustration and text, visual material of history, academic norm
