摘要
从长远来看,从山系或更大尺度上来开展大熊猫(Ailuropodamelanoleuca)生境的研究与保护更有意义。本研究通过野外调查,在地理信息系统(GIS)和遥感(RS)技术支持下,利用大熊猫生境结构理论模型,选取海拔、坡度、植被类型、竹子分布、道路和居民点的分布等评价因子,系统地研究了大相岭山系大熊猫生境的分布、生境质量与空间格局,以及生境保护现状,在此基础上提出了该山系生境保护与自然保护区建设的对策。遥感数据分析结果表明,与大熊猫生境密切相关的阔叶林与针叶林的面积为344,970hm2,占该地区总面积的58.4%,灌丛占18.4%,其他的土地利用与土地覆被类型占23.2%。综合评价结果表明,大相岭山系的大熊猫潜在生境为118,749hm2,由于森林及矿产资源的开发、交通以及农业活动等的影响导致生境面积减少为93,115hm2,且尚存的生境被隔离为两个互相独立的生境单元,使荥河与瓦屋山这两个种群的交流受到严重阻碍,而现有的保护区仅保护了生境总面积的28.0%。为了有效地保护该山系的大熊猫,应该注意从三个方面加强对大熊猫生境的规划与保护:(1)扩大自然保护区的保护范围,使大熊猫生境的集中分布区都得到保护;(2)以退耕还林和天然林保护工程为契机,加强被隔离生境的联系,促进大熊猫种群之间的交流;(3)控制海拔1,800–2,700m之间人类活动对大熊猫生境的影响。
The status of giant panda habitat is related directly to the panda＇s survival and breeding. Based on field surveys and using Geographic Information Systems （GIS） and Remote Sensing （RS）, we studied the distribution, quality, spatial pattern, and conservation status of giant panda habitat in the Daxiangling Mountains, Sichuan. We selected altitude, slope, vegetation type, bamboo distribution, traffic, and residential area as evaluating criteria. Remote Sensing data showed that deciduous and conifer forest, which were closely associated with giant panda habitat, occupied the largest area of 344,970 hm^2, accounting for 58.4% of the total study area, while shrub land occupied 18.4% and other vegetation types 23.2%. A comprehensive evaluation showed that the potential habitat in the Daxiangling Mountains was 118,749 hm^2. However, much of the habitat was affected by exploitation of forest, mining, traffic, and agricultural activities, so that only 93,115 hm^2 remained suitable. Moreover, the remaining habitat was separated into two fragments by roads, which caused failure of exchange between Yinghe Panda Group and Wawushan Panda Group. In total, the current nature reserve has protected only 28.0% of the entire habitat. For effective protection of giant pandas in this area, three aspects should be strengthened： （1） extending boundaries of the nature reserve to protect most of the giant panda habitat; （2） improving dispersal between giant panda populations through reforestation; and （3） at the altitudes of 1,800-2,700 m, controlling human activities to decrease impacts on giant panda habitat.
出处
《生物多样性》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2006年第3期223-231,共9页
Biodiversity Science
基金
国家基金委创新群体计划(40321101)
国家杰出青年科学基金(30428028)
