摘要
垃圾产生于社会的每一个角落，垃圾也反映了人类生活的各个方面。可是，直至最近，社会依然极少理会垃圾中真正蕴藏着些什么，以及垃圾能够告诉我们些什么。１９７３年美国图森市亚利桑那大学威廉·拉舍基博士（ＷｉｌｌｉａｍＬＲａｔｈｊｅ）及其同事们所建立并发展的垃级计划，标志着一门新科学──垃圾学的兴起，即垃圾的系统研究、垃圾产生、运移、利用和处置的机理以及相关的社会经济和环境问题。美国和其它少数国家的垃圾学研究所揭示的各种事实、定律和原理，正划时代地碰击着现代社会、社会心理学、市场和许多其它领域，大量的城市固体废物不仅意味着自然资源的巨大浪费，而且垃圾处理，无论焚化或者填埋，都对环境构成了严重污染的威胁，尤其是对地下水资源。垃圾的管理、再循环和处置费用是昂贵的，而且总是受到错综复杂的社会和法律冲突的挑战，纽约和美国东部其它人口稠密地区所面临的严峻形势就是最好的例证，解决现今进退维谷的垃圾问题，需要包括技术的、社会的、环境的、经济的、政治的、法律的和公共教育在内的多方面协作。中国正经历着令人振奋的经济发展时期。预计以现在的国民经济发展速度，以及因巨量人口而导致的社会消费的急剧增长，在未来１０～２０年内，很有可能导致严重的?
Ever since its beginning,human civilzation has been accompanied by an unavoidable problem :garbage-the solid forms of wastes generated in production and living activties in society.However,it was not until the onset of lare scale industrialization and urbanization following the Industrial Revolution,did garbage become a serious problem in the society.At present,garbage is becoming a staggering envirommental challenge to the developed as well as the developing countries.Garbage is produced from every corner of the society and reflects every aspect of human life.However,until quite recently,society paid little attention to what is really inside garbage and what garbage has to say about us.The founding and development of the Garbage Project by Dr.William L.Rathje and othes in 1973 at the University of Arizona,Tucson of the United States,marked the rise of a brand new science garbology,a systematic study of garbage,the mechanisms of its production,movement,utilization and disposal,and related social-economical and environmental issues.The implications of garbology are profound and yet to be appreciated.Various facts,laws and principles revealed by the garbological studies in the United states and a few other countries are making landmarking impact on moderm sociology,social psychology,marketing and many other fields.In deed,it is garbology that may eventually close the loop of our understanding of the past,present and future of mankind.Large quantity of municipal solid wastes not only represents massive waste of natural resouces,its disposal,either through incineration or landfill,also poses severe pollution threat to the environment,especially the groundwater resources,Management,recycling and disposal of garbage are costly and are often challenged by complicated social and legal conflicts,as best exemplified by the acute situation in New York city and other populous eastern regions of the United States.Solution to the current garbage dilemma demands the integration of processes including technological,social,enviro
关键词
垃圾
垃圾学
环境污染
固体废物处理
garbage,wastes,garbology.The Garbage Project,environment,pollution,disposal,the United States,China
